Citrate–nitrate synthesis of nano-structured titanium dioxide ceramics for gas sensors

Seeley, Zachary M.; Choi, Young Jin; Bose, Susmita

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2009.04.015

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Titanium oxide is also a well-known semiconductor and it has been shown as one of the most important materials for application as a gas sensor [7]and an antireflective coating [8]. TiO 2 is used in electrochromic devices and solar cells [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of ZnO–TiO2 films obtained by sol-gel method

Ivanova

Harizanova

Koutzarova

et al. 2011

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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The sol-gel route has been applied to obtain ZnO-TiO 2 thin films. For comparison, pure TiO 2 and ZnO films are also prepared from the corresponding solutions. The films are deposited by a spin-coated method on silicon and glass substrates. Their structural and vibrational properties have been studied as a function of the annealing temperatures (400-750 °C). Pure ZnO films crystallize in a wurtzite modification at a relatively low temperature of 400 °C, whereas the mixed oxide films show predominantly amorphous structure at this temperature. XRD analysis shows that by increasing the annealing temperatures, the sol-gel Zn/Ti oxide films reveal a certain degree of crystallization and their structures are found to be mixtures of wurtzite ZnO, Zn 2 TiO 4 , anatase TiO 2 and amorphous fraction. The XRD analysis presumes that Zn 2 TiO 4 becomes a favored phase at the highest annealing temperature of 750 °C. The obtained thin films are uniform with no visual defects. The optical properties of ZnO-TiO 2 films have been compared with those of single component films (ZnO and TiO 2 ). The mixed oxide films present a high transparency with a slight decrease by increasing the annealing temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of ZnO–TiO2 films obtained by sol-gel method

Ivanova

Harizanova

Koutzarova

et al. 2011

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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“…In recent years, various chemical synthesis routes have been adopted to circumvent the synthetic difficulties to prepare fine particles of ceramic composite powders, such as sol-gel, coprecipitation, hydrothermal, combustion synthesis and some combined routes such as combination of gelation and precipitation from inorganic salt solutions [12,13]. Among the described processes, the citrate-nitrate (C-N) process, which is a modified Pechini method [14], seems to be drastically encouraging to achieve homogeneous mixing of the cations in the atomic scale and can be beneficial for avoiding hard agglomerate formation due to the large gas release during fuel combustion [15]. In addition, this process is an easy method to achieve an aqueous precursor without using large quantities of organic solvents [16]; this route as well has other advantages such as high temperature, fast heating rate, short reaction time as well as use of inexpensive precursors in a very simple way which make it a suitable process for synthesizing ceramic powders [13,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The citric acid is the source of C and H and releases heat; it simultaneously forms complexes with the metal ions facilitating homogeneous mixing of the cations in solution [11,13]. As a result of heating, the formed complexes break down and oxidation of cations occurs to form metal oxides [11,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and microstructure investigation of novel ternary ZrO2–Al2O3–TiO2 composites synthesized by citrate–nitrate process

Saeidi

Sarpoolaky

Mirkazemi

2015

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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The citrate-nitrate, sol-gel technique was used to prepare two different composites in the ZrO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 system. The influence of two various compositions and calcination temperatures on the phase transformation and microstructure was investigated by the simultaneous thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that while the combustion intensity was vigorous for the stoichiometric sample (ZAT-1) at 346°C, the combustion occurs at a temperature range (270-500°C) for the alumina-rich sample (ZAT-2). FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of complex compounds with citrate ligands. The XRD patterns revealed ZrTiO 4 formation at 900°C in both samples due to its thermodynamic stability; surprisingly, in stoichiometric samples calcined at 1100°C, Al 2 TiO 5 and monoclinic ZrO 2 phases were detected, which indicated ZrTiO 4 decomposition, whereas in alumina-rich samples, no ZrTiO 4 decomposition was observed. The SEM micrographs also showed orthorhombic particles of ZrTiO 4 with average particle size around 100 nm for the stoichiometric sample calcined at 1100°C. Graphical AbstractKeywords ZrTiO 4 -Al 2 TiO 5 composite Á Citrate-nitrate process Á FTIR

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“…Solid-state semiconductor sensors have gained large attraction due to the serious disquiet of global warming [1] and the detection of inÀammable gases [2]. The sensing principle of semiconducting metal oxide ¿lms is based on the change in the electron density in the conduction band of a semiconductor oxide ¿lm when speci¿c gases interact with its surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LPG sensing application of graphene/CeO[sub 2] quantum dots composite

Nemade¹

2013

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Graphene/CeO 2 quantum dots (QDs) composite was investigated towards the liquid petroleum gas (LPG) at room temperature. Graphene was synthesized by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. The composites of graphene/ CeO 2 QDs was prepared by mixing 20 wt.% of graphene in constant 1g of CeO 2 . The chemiresistor of 20 wt.% composite possesses optimum value of sensing response and excellent stability.

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Citrate–nitrate synthesis of nano-structured titanium dioxide ceramics for gas sensors

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Preparation and characterization of ZnO–TiO2 films obtained by sol-gel method

Preparation and characterization of ZnO–TiO2 films obtained by sol-gel method

Characterization and microstructure investigation of novel ternary ZrO2–Al2O3–TiO2 composites synthesized by citrate–nitrate process

LPG sensing application of graphene/CeO[sub 2] quantum dots composite

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