Citrate ester substitutes for di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate: <i>In vivo</i> reproductive and <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity assessments

Sung, Chi Rim; Kang, Hyeon; Hong, Ji Young; Kwack, Seung Jun

doi:10.1080/15287394.2020.1798832

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Replacement of DEHP by DEHP-free plasticizers and replacement of PVC by other polymers entirely could provide less harmful substitutes . Terephthalates, meta-substituted phthalate di-esters, phosphate esters, citrates, and sebacates were proposed as primary alternative plasticizers to DEHP in products. ,− Polyolefins, polyurethane, ethyl vinyl acetate, and silicone seem to be the most suitable polymers for the replacement of PVC, especially for medical tubes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled Dynamic Material Flow, Multimedia Environmental Model, and Ecological Risk Analysis for Chemical Management: A Di(2-ethylhexhyl) Phthalate Case in China

Cui

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Di(2-ethylhexhyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer that has adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. However, data about its stocks, flows, emission rates, as well as ecological risks are generally unknown in China, one of the world’s largest producers of chemicals including DEHP, limiting sound management of chemicals. Herein, dynamic material flow analysis, coupled with a multimedia environmental model and ecological risk analysis, was performed to fill the data gap about DEHP in China mainland from 1956 to 2020. Results indicate that the in-use stocks of DEHP increased from 6.54 × 106 kg in 1956 to 8.40 × 109 kg in 2020. With growth in the emission rates, DEHP concentrations in air, soil, water, and sediment kept increasing from 1956 to 2010, which declined after 2010 and regrew after 2015. Sediment was a main sink of DEHP with the highest ecological risk quotient of >10 after 1999, necessitating measures for controlling the risk, for example, technology innovation to reduce DEHP emission rates, and substitution of DEHP with low-toxic alternatives. The coupled models that connect socio-economic data with ecological risk output may provide a systematic methodology for verification of the data necessary for risk control of chemicals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled Dynamic Material Flow, Multimedia Environmental Model, and Ecological Risk Analysis for Chemical Management: A Di(2-ethylhexhyl) Phthalate Case in China

Cui

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Furthermore, ATBC reduced cell viability to a greater extent in TM3 versus NIH-3T3 cells. Concerning the alterations in reproductive tissue responses and cytotoxicity test results, the authors suggested that ATEC might be a better alternative to DEHP compared to ATBC for potential commercial uses (146).…”

Section: In Vivo Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular dysgenesis syndrome and phthalate exposure: A review of literature

Erkekoğlu¹,

Ozyurt²,

Yirün³

et al. 2021

Arhiv za farmaciju

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Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with the body's endocrine system and cause adverse effects in biological systems. Phthalates are a group of man-made chemicals which are mainly used as plasticizers and classified as endocrine disruptors. They are also used in cosmetic and personal care products as color or smell fixators. Moreover, phthalates are present in inks, adhesives, sealants, automobile parts, tools, toys, carpets, medical tubing and blood storage bags, and food packages. Pathological condition known as "testicular dysgenesis syndrome" (TDS) or "phthalate syndrome" is usually linked to phthalate exposure and is coined to describe the rise in alterations in reproductive health in men, such as reduced semen quality (decrease in sperm counts, sperm motility and increase in abnormal sperms), hypospadias, cryptorchidism, reduced anogenital distance and early-life testicular cancer. Phthalates are suggested to cause direct effect on gonadal and non-gonadal tissues, impair the differentiation and morphogenesis of seminiferous tubules and accessory sex organs and testicular cells (both Sertoli and Leydig cells), alter estradiol and/or testosterone levels, decrease insulin-like 3 (INSL3) peptide production, impair spermatogenesis and lead to epigenetic alterations, all of which may lead to TDS. This review will mainly focus on phthalates as causes of TDS and their mechanisms of action.

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“…Notwithstanding, in vitro disruption of steroidogenesis was observed owing to TOTM exposure . Citrate ester substitutes, such as acetyl triethyl citrate (ATEC) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), were evaluated in vivo and in vitro for reproductive and cytotoxicity . ATBC significantly reduced the liver weight of rats (at 500 mg/kg) and caused cytotoxicity (reduced cell viability) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Citrate ester substitutes, such as acetyl triethyl citrate (ATEC) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), were evaluated in vivo and in vitro for reproductive and cytotoxicity . ATBC significantly reduced the liver weight of rats (at 500 mg/kg) and caused cytotoxicity (reduced cell viability) . In Sung et al’s study, ATEC was considered to be a better option over ATBC due to the lower toxicity profile .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ATBC significantly reduced the liver weight of rats (at 500 mg/kg) and caused cytotoxicity (reduced cell viability) . In Sung et al’s study, ATEC was considered to be a better option over ATBC due to the lower toxicity profile . An in vitro study for DEHT revealed steroidogenesis disruption, but further questions of whether DEHT and its metabolites are potential endocrine disruptors …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rebuttal to Comment on “Alternative Plasticizers As Emerging Global Environmental and Health Threat: Another Regrettable Substitution?” Focus on DINCH as an Example

Qadeer

Kirsten

Ajmal

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Citrate ester substitutes for di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate: In vivo reproductive and in vitro cytotoxicity assessments

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Coupled Dynamic Material Flow, Multimedia Environmental Model, and Ecological Risk Analysis for Chemical Management: A Di(2-ethylhexhyl) Phthalate Case in China

Coupled Dynamic Material Flow, Multimedia Environmental Model, and Ecological Risk Analysis for Chemical Management: A Di(2-ethylhexhyl) Phthalate Case in China

Testicular dysgenesis syndrome and phthalate exposure: A review of literature

Rebuttal to Comment on “Alternative Plasticizers As Emerging Global Environmental and Health Threat: Another Regrettable Substitution?” Focus on DINCH as an Example

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