Citizenship and Citizenship Education in a Changing World

Citizenship with Chinese characteristics? An investigation into Chinese university students’ civic perceptions and civic participation

“…Citizenship is a complex and multidimensional concept which has arisen out of the western tradition of democracy; its meaning has been associated with the formation of nation states, nationalism, liberal democracy and civil society (Ichilov, 1998). Citizenship can be conceived of as a status created by the nation state, a group or a personal identity formed in particular social, economic or cultural conditions (Kennedy, 2010).…”

From regime change to paradigm shift: A philosophical perspective on the development of Taiwan's citizenship curriculum

“…The philosophical and critical analysis of how Taiwanese curriculum designers consider the merits and limits of the conservative, liberal and communitarian constructs may be extended to reflect on the messages embedded in the citizenship curricula of other countries, especially for young democracies evolving away from an authoritarian past. In an attempt to cultivate socially engaged citizens, some countries suffering from increasing distrust in politics and apathy among young people such as the UK, Australia and Hungary, have, in contrast to Taiwan, favored a communitarian approach (Ichilov, 1998;Crick, 2000;Kerr, 2003;Dejaeghere and Tudball, 2007). Meanwhile, while many democracies have left behind the conservative construct and chosen either the liberal and communitarian approach, we still saw attempts in 2012 in Hong Kong to impose a conservative-leaning new subject, named Moral and National Education, which includes traditional doctrines and mechanistic allegiance towards the Beijing government (This implementation of this subject was cancelled by the end of 2012 due to strong resistance).…”

“…Based on the synthesis of the definitions of citizenship proposed by Ichilov (1998) and Delanty (2000), the notion of citizenship contains four essential components-rights, duties, identity and participation and varying the balance between the components formulates different types of citizenship. This section will illustrate which type was used in each period to demonstrate the switch of paradigms that has taken place.…”

Political Education in Croatian Secondary Schools: An Emergency Reaction to a Chaotic Context

“…Here again we find attitudes (patriotism), as well as participation, and there is a noticeable focus on the national level (Republic of Croatia). According to Ichilov (1998): 'Citizenship education limited to the inculcation of traditional patriotism or conventional nationalist ideology is obviously insufficient in a highly dynamic, complex or interdependent world ' (p. 56). In this sense, the tasks of the subject of politics as outlined here, with their focus on patriotic sentiment, may seem inappropriate, but one must bear in mind the context in which this programme was framed.…”