cis-9, trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Is Synthesized Directly from Vaccenic Acid in Lactating Dairy Cattle

Mosley, Erin E.; Shafii, Bahman; Moate, Peter J.; McGuire, Mark A.

doi:10.1093/jn/136.3.570

Cited by 140 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…According to Bauman & Griinari et al (2001) and Mosley et al (2006), the endogenous synthesis of CLA C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 is more important than the ruminal synthesis, accounting for 80% of CLA C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 found in the milk from cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid profile and composition of milk protein fraction in dairy cows fed long-chain unsaturated fatty acids during the transition period

et al. 2013

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the utilization of different sources of unsaturated long-chain fatty acids in diets for dairy cows during the transition period and early lactation on the milk fatty acid profile and composition of the protein fraction. Thirty-six Holstein cows were divided into three groups, fed the following diets: control (C); soybean oil (SO); and calcium salts of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (CS). The milk samples utilized for analysis were obtained weekly from parturition to twelve weeks of lactation; each one of the samples originated from two daily milkings. Milk composition and total nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen and non-casein nitrogen levels were analyzed. The cows receiving the diet with calcium salts had lower concentrations of non-protein nitrogen (%CP) in milk compared with the animals fed the diet with soybean oil. There was a decrease in concentration of medium-chain fatty acids C12-C16, and a concomitant increase in concentrations of long-chain fatty acids >C18 in milk fat for the animals fed the diets CS and SO when compared with diet C. Soybean oil and CS diets increased milk-fat concentrations of the acids C18: 1 trans-11, C18: 2 cis-9, trans-11 and C18: 2 trans-10 cis-12 in relation to diet C. The utilization of sources of long-chain fatty acids in the diet of dairy cows increases the biological value of milk in early lactation due to higher concentrations of specific fatty acids such as CLA C18: 2 cis-9, trans-11.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid profile and composition of milk protein fraction in dairy cows fed long-chain unsaturated fatty acids during the transition period

et al. 2013

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“…Endogenous synthesis via the action of SCD on trans-11 18:1 is responsible for 64% to 97% of cis-9, trans-11 CLA (Palmquist et al, 2005;Glasser et al, 2008b) and virtually all the trans-7, cis-9 CLA secreted in bovine milk (Palmquist et al, 2005). Experiments with 13 C-labelled trans-11 18:1 have estimated that 25% or 32% is desaturated to cis-9, trans-11 CLA in the bovine (Mosley et al, 2006) and caprine (Bernard et al, 2010) mammary gland, respectively.…”

Section: Mammary Lipogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Shingfield

Bernard

Leroux

et al. 2010

Animal

332

427

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Fat is an important constituent contributing to the organoleptic, processing and physical properties of ruminant milk. Understanding the regulation of milk fat synthesis is central to the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the nutritional value of milk, decrease milk energy secretion and improve the energy balance of lactating ruminants. Nutrition is the major environmental factor regulating the concentration and composition of fat in ruminant milk. Feeding low-fibre/high-starch diets and/or lipid supplements rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine, typically increase milk fat secretion in the caprine, whereas limited data in sheep suggest that the responses are more similar to the goat than the cow. Following the observation that reductions in milk fat synthesis during diet-induced MFD are associated with increases in the concentration of specific trans fatty acids in milk, the biohydrogenation theory of MFD was proposed, which attributes the causal mechanism to altered ruminal lipid metabolism leading to increased formation of specific biohydrogenation intermediates that exert anti-lipogenic effects. Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is the only biohydrogenation intermediate to have been infused at the abomasum over a range of experimental doses (1.25 to 14.0 g/day) and shown unequivocally to inhibit milk fat synthesis in ruminants. However, increases in ruminal trans-10, cis-12 CLA formation do not explain entirely diet-induced MFD, suggesting that other biohydrogenation intermediates and/or other mechanisms may also be involved. Experiments involving abomasal infusions (g/day) in lactating cows have provided evidence that cis-10, trans-12 CLA (1.2), trans-9, cis-11 CLA (5.0) and trans-10 18:1 (92.1) may also exert anti-lipogenic effects. Use of molecular-based approaches have demonstrated that mammary abundance of transcripts encoding for key lipogenic genes are reduced during MFD in the bovine, changes that are accompanied by decrease in sterol response element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and alterations in the expression of genes related to the SREBP1 pathway. Recent studies indicate that transcription of one or more adipogenic genes is increased in subcutaneous adipose tissue in cows during acute or chronic MFD. Feeding diets of similar composition do not induce MFD or substantially alter mammary lipogenic gene expression in the goat. The available data suggests that variation in mammary fatty acid secretion and lipogenic responses to changes in diet composition between ruminants reflect inherent interspecies differences in ruminal lipid metabolism and mammary specific regulation of cellular processes and key lipogenic enzymes involved in the synthesis of milk fat triacylglycerides.Keywords: milk fat, trans fatty acids, gene expression, lipogenesis, ruminants ImplicationsUnderstanding the regulation of milk fat synthesis is central to the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the nutritional value of milk, decrease milk-energ...

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“…Alimentary guidelines have recommended that SFA consumption should be reduced, because of their potential hypercholesterolaemic effects, and that this reduction should be carried out concurrently with an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and n-3 fatty acids (FAs). CLA (in particular cis-9, trans-11) in milk fat has been associated with anticarcinogenic effects, and is produced either as an intermediate during rumen biohydrogenation of linoleic acid (Harfoot and Hazlewood, 1997), or in the mammary gland by D9 desaturase from trans-11 C18:1 (vaccenic acid, VA; Mosley et al, 2006). n-3 PUFA have health-promoting effects (Boure, 2005;Innis, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding vegetable oils to lactating ewes modifies the fatty acid profile of suckling lambs

Manso

Bodas

Vieira

et al. 2011

Animal

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of vegetable oil supplementation of ewe diets on the performance and fatty acid (FA) composition of their suckling lambs. Forty-eight pregnant Churra ewes (mean BW 64.3 6 0.92 kg) with their 72 newborn lambs (prolificacy 5 1.5) were assigned to one of four experimental diets, supplemented with 3% of hydrogenated palm (PALM), olive (OLI), soya (SOY) or linseed (LIN) oil. Lambs were nourished exclusively by suckling from their respective mothers. Ewes were milked once daily, and milk samples were taken once a week. When lambs reached 11 kg, they were slaughtered and samples were taken from musculus longissimus dorsi (intramuscular fat) and subcutaneous fat tissue. No changes were observed in milk yield, proximal composition or lamb performance (P . 0.10). Milk and lamb subcutaneous and intramuscular fat samples from the PALM diet had the highest saturated fatty acid concentration, whereas those of the OLI, SOY and LIN diets had the lowest (P , 0.05). The greatest monounsaturated fatty acid concentration was observed in milk from ewes fed OLI, and the least in milk and in lamb subcutaneous and intramuscular fat samples from LIN and PALM diets. Milk and lamb fat from ewes fed PALM displayed the highest 16:0 proportion and the lowest 18:0 (P , 0.05). There were higher concentrations of cis-9 18:1 in OLI samples (P , 0.05), more 18:2n-6 in SOY lambs and milk fat (P , 0.001) and the highest levels of 18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3 in LIN samples (P , 0.01). Milk and lamb subcutaneous and intramuscular samples from SOY and LIN diets contained the most cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid, whereas PALM samples had the least (P , 0.01). Sheep diet supplementation with different oils, constituting up to 3% of their diets, resulted in changes in the FA composition of milk and the subcutaneous and intramuscular fat of suckling lambs, but did not affect either milk production or lamb performance.

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cis-9, trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Is Synthesized Directly from Vaccenic Acid in Lactating Dairy Cattle

Cited by 140 publications

References 34 publications

Fatty acid profile and composition of milk protein fraction in dairy cows fed long-chain unsaturated fatty acids during the transition period

Fatty acid profile and composition of milk protein fraction in dairy cows fed long-chain unsaturated fatty acids during the transition period

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Feeding vegetable oils to lactating ewes modifies the fatty acid profile of suckling lambs

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