Cirsium japonicum Extracts Show Antioxidant Activity and PC12 Cell Protection against Oxidative Stress

Abstract

The phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and neuronal cell protective effect of Cirsium japonicum extract were evaluated in this study. High performance liquid chromatography mass analysis showed that C. japonicum was composed of chlorogenic acid, linarin, and pectolinarin. C. japonicum extract showed its antioxidant activity with halfmaximal inhibitory concentrations of 567 and 130 µg/mL by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, respectively. The total antioxidant capacities of C. japonicum via DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays were 11.32, 100.15, and 12.76 µg/ mL trolox equivalents, respectively. In addition, the neuroprotective effect of C. japonicum extract was investigated by measuring cell viability via MTT, LDH and DCF-DA assay using H 2 O 2 -damaged PC12 cells. C. japonicum extract showed neuronal cell protective effects in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that C. japonicum extract has potent antioxidant and neuronal protective effects. Therefore, C. japonicum can be regarded as an effective and safe functional food resource as natural antioxidants, and may decrease the risk of neurodegenerative disorders.

Antioxidant Capacity of Thistle (Cirsium japonicum) in Various Drying Methods and their Protection Effect on Neuronal PC12 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans

“…As we predicted, the antioxidant phenolic compounds in CJ showed protective effects in oxidative stressed PC12 cells and C. elegans. The current results showed that CJ extract diminished the ROS level, which is consistent with the previous study showing the fact that CJ reduced ROS level [4,7,38].…”

“…The antioxidant activities showed the same pattern of the results on their phenolic contents. Antioxidant activity has a positive correlation with phenolic contents [4,25]. Based on these results, the temperatures above 70 °C applied until a complete dry state could reduce the phenolic content consequently reducing antioxidant properties.…”

“…The phenolic compounds from CJ were analyzed using HPLC-ESI-MS. The analytical condition is adopted from Jang et al [4] and indicated in Table 1. Quantification was performed by external calibration using standards.…”

“…PC12 cell line (KCLB 21721), derived from rat pheochromocytoma, was obtained from the Korea Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea). All experimental methods on PC12 cells were adapted from Jang et al [4] and modified. We treated nerve growth factor (NGF) into PC12 cells for the differentiation into neuronal phenotype.…”

“…Since LDH is released from apoptotic cells, the LDH release levels can determine what percentage of cells is dead [4]. The H 2 O 2 -induced cytotoxicity was assessed using the LDH assay to examine the protective effect of CJ, which could decrease cell membrane damage.…”