Circumstantial Alliances and Loose Loyalties in Rebellion Making: The Case of Tuareg Insurgency in Northern Niger (2007-2009)

Guichaoua, Yvan

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1564285

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…DDR programmes aim at demobilising combatants into civilian structures (or incorporating them into the state military), focusing for their most part on dismantling military structures, in return for seed money, social or psychological support and employment training for those that demobilise. The effectiveness of such programmes is at best mixed (Humphreys and Weinstein 2006), often because the motivations for why individuals join or support armed groups are not well understood (Humphreys and Weinstein 2008;Guichaoua 2011). As discussed in several places in this volume, armed groups may often provide important social structures and safety nets for their members and their families, including protection against violence, provision of basic needs and of information, and resources to survive in war zones.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Micro-Level Perspective on the Dynamics of Conflict, Violence, and Development

Justino¹,

Brück²,

Verwimp³

2013

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Micro-Level Perspective on the Dynamics of Conflict, Violence, and Development

Justino¹,

Brück²,

Verwimp³

2013

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“…The extent to which a technology transforms pastoralists depends on both diffusion and employment of the technology. (Benjaminsen, 2008;Guichaoua, 2009;Graham IV, 2010). The teshumara, although not representative of all Kel…”

Section: Pastoral Resilience and Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Policy makers and some academics view these communities as "uncaptured" in terms of development and national integration (Vedeld, 1996;Seely, 2001). GWOT lends no relief as the vastness of the Sahel and Sahara combined with real or perceived threat from terrorists attracts military assistance from the United States and European Union (Antil, 2006;Guichaoua, 2009;Prashad, 2009).…”

Section: Chapter Two: the Bowl Is Broken Pastoral Resilience To Develmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MNJ has engaged in combat with the Nigérien army, attacked infrastructure related to uranium mines in the region, and abducted local authorities and mine employees (African Research Bulletin, 2008;Polgreen, 14 December 2008). The reasons for the revolt are complex (see Guichaoua, 2009) but the overall effect has been debilitating on local people. Pastoralists and farmers could not remain in the countryside or villages without risk of losing their lives and property (Amnesty International, 19 December 2007 and3 April 2008).…”

Section: Chapter 1: Introduction Finding Honorable Paths For Customarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The end product is a collaboration between the military branches of Western powers, bilateral and multilateral aid agencies with governments in the region. National governments, however, have taken this one step further by connecting Islamic extremism to their political rivals (Jourde, 2007;Mundy, 2007;Guichaoua, 2009). Morocco, the power that remained in the Western Sahara after Mauritania pulled out, labels the Polisario as drug traders and in the partnership with al-Qaeda Islamic Maghreb (San Martín, 2004;Mundy, 2007).…”

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Contests over pastoralism in the southern Sahara and northern Sahel

Graham¹

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West African pastoral groups (Arab, Tuareg, Toubou, and Fulani) experience contests both within their society, and, with outside agents regarding state integration, land use and development. Pastoral leadership, neighboring sedentary groups, national governments, multinational corporations, aid organizations, and academia all influence the paths pastoralists take in their relationship with the environment, the markets they return to, the animals the shepherd, and the non-pastoral opportunities they pursue, to name a few. The social relations that exist between pastoralists and outsiders can essentially coalesce or break apart pastoral society, depending on the actions taken by the various actors mentioned. The outcomes of pastoral fragmentation have various consequences on the region"s ecology, economy and security. The conflicts that fragment pastoralists and the actions they take to reconfigure their society are the central themes of this dissertation. The interplay between climatic crises, the increasing imposition of external controls, and a constant shrinking of a disputed commons brings pastoralists into conflict with outsiders and, with each other. The first part of this dissertation outlines, from colonial times to present, the relations pastoral groups have experienced with colonial powers, African independence leaders, aid workers, and now Western militaries and terrorists. The second part looks within Arab, Tuareg, Toubou, and Fulani society to understand the fluidity in which pastoralists move back and forth between herding and non-herding activities to maintain social cohesion and identity as pastoralists. The final part is an exploratory remote sensing investigation of the customary pastures of the Tuareg groups in northeastern Mali. Observations in this vegetation change detection study indicate a spatial differentiation between resources near the Niger River and those in more remote, drier regions of the study area. The changing relations of outside actors, the strategies taken by pastoralists to maintain their identity, and the changing dynamics of natural resources sometimes subtly, other times dramatically, fragments pastoral society. Yet, pastoralists continue to reconfigure, rebound and maintain resilience despite the changes among and, around them. iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the nomadic and sedentary communities of Iferouāne, Assodé, Gougaram, Tîmia, Aguelal, Nguigmi, Ngourti, Agadem, and others in the northern and eastern regions of Niger who I met but was not allowed to interview because of the 2007-2009 Rebellion. Your stories, though unheard for the moment, are worth telling and will be sought out by other researchers and myself when the situation resolves. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the local Arab and Kel Tamasheq (Tuareg) communities of Gao and Ménaka, Mali for their willingness to share their challenges and hospitality bestowed to me during my visits in 2006-2008. Financial support comes from the National Science Foundation"s DDRI grant (No. 0622892). Othe...

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What the Nigerien coup d'état means to the world

Graham

2010

Review of African Political Economy

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Circumstantial Alliances and Loose Loyalties in Rebellion Making: The Case of Tuareg Insurgency in Northern Niger (2007-2009)

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

A Micro-Level Perspective on the Dynamics of Conflict, Violence, and Development

A Micro-Level Perspective on the Dynamics of Conflict, Violence, and Development

Contests over pastoralism in the southern Sahara and northern Sahel

What the Nigerien coup d'état means to the world

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