Circulation of group A rotaviruses among neonates of human, cow and pig: study from Assam, a north eastern state of India

Abstract

Rotavirus (RV) infections are worldwide in distribution causing high morbidity and mortality in human and animal neonates. Human settlements in close proximity of animals aids for genetic re-assortment of the virus by interspecies transmission and consequent emergence of new viral antigenic strain. Therefore, the present study was designed to explore RV incidence in a single approach from human and animal neonates sharing similar environment. Altogether, 200 diarrheal samples from children (50), piglets (80) and calves (70) were collected during the year of 2010-2012 from various locality, farms and hospitals, initially screened through monoclonal antibody based enzyme immunoassay followed by RNA-PAGE and VP7 gene amplification by Reverse transcription PCR. The overall prevalence of rotavirus was found to be 41.5 % (83/200) where maximum numbers of positive cases were found in piglets (46.3 %) followed by human (40 %) and cow (37.1 %). Majority of samples demonstrated characteristic group A rotavirus (RVA) electropherotype of 4:2:3:2 pattern. Moreover, RNA profiles of seven samples from piglets and calves revealed variation in the migration pattern of class II, III and class IV segments. The study, for the first time from the valley, detected 43.7 % of neonatal RVA positive cases from human and animal sharing similar setting. The variation in RNA migration pattern in seven cases signifies tentative cases of gene re-assortment that warrant further evaluation.

Detection and Genotypic Characterization of Rotavirus From Diarrhoeic Piglets of Arunachal Pradesh, A North Eastern State of India

“…In this study electropherotyping (RNA-PAGE) was selected as the primary method for detection of RV strains in diarrhoeic piglets, because each RV strain reveals a single distinct electropherotype upon PAGE and 11 segments of dsRNA by PAGE yield a pattern which is both constant and characteristic for a particular RV isolate [20]. Similar observations were also reported by earlier workers [21,22,23] Garam G.B., Bora D.P., Bora M., Ahmed S.P., Das S.K. and Malik Y.S.…”

“…Also, rare genotypes (G1, G2-like, G6, G8, G9, G10, and G12) were reported in pigs which are commonly associated with human and cattle [3,7,18,26,27,28,29,30]. Similarly, apart from the common porcine P genotypes (P [6] and P [7]), rare and/or novel P genotypes (P [1], P [5], P [8], P [11], P [13], P [14], P [19], P [23], P [26]) were identified in pigs [3,29].In India, 4 types of G genotypes (G4, G6, G9, G12) and 4 types of P genotypes (P [6], P [7], P [13], P [19]) of RV As have been detected from pigs so far [14]. In India, the prevalence of RV infection in pigs can be as high as 25.7% [31].…”

Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of rotavirus VP7-encoding gene from humans and animals of Northeast India: a relative study of Indian and global isolates

“…The samples were screened for rotavirus using a commercial monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay (mAb-EIA) (Premier Rotaclone; Meridian Bioscience Inc., USA) for detection of VP6 antigen. Samples were also processed for RNA-PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) for detection of viral nucleic acid as described previously [25].…”

Unexpected detection of porcine rotavirus C strains carrying human origin VP6 gene

“…Hitherto reports mention co-infection of different RV genotypes in pigs (Nyaga et al 2015). Hence, a chance for re-assortment in swine cannot be overlooked until the extensive screening of pig population for the presence of re-assorted or new RV types across the globe (Steyer et al 2007;Medici et al 2011;Sharma et al 2013;Navarro et al 2017).…”