Circulating Platelet Aggregates and Thrombocytopenia Induced by Intravenous Infusions of Arachidonic and Lauric Acids in Guinea Pigs

Rafflenbeul, D; Zbinden, G.

doi:10.1159/000207864

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

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Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids: Saturated

2023

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Aliphatic carboxylic acids (ACA) include many chemicals with a wide range of biological and industrial functions. Many are nutritionally important, occur naturally, and take part in normal biochemical processes. ACA are commercially important with annual production of over 3, 1, and 1 billion lbs/year for acetic, formic, and acrylic acids alone, respectively. Generally, ACA are of no serious concern, except at very high levels of experimental or accidental exposures, many are designated as GRAS. Primary adverse effects are irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes from acute exposures to strong water‐soluble acids that can penetrate the skin or those that can volatilize like short‐chain formic, acetic, and propionic acids; dermal sensitization is rare. Saturated ACA are used in a variety of applications, such as in the production of synthetic fiber, resins, plastics, and dyes. Several acids and their esters are important chemical intermediates or solvents and are used in cosmetics or food applications as pH modifiers, preservatives, and antioxidants. Saturated, straight‐chain monocarboxylic acids are metabolized by the β‐oxidation pathway until acetate, propionate, or butyrate are formed which are utilized for energy production via TCA cycle or converted to acetoacetate and subsequently to other ketone bodies, which can be oxidized or excreted in the urine. Propionate originates from odd‐chain acids and is converted to carbohydrates and, unlike acetate, into lipids. This chapter covers 33 ACA their toxicity and workplace exposure limits under a number of regulatory agencies based on the available data.

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Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids: Saturated

2023

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Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids, Saturated

Cragg¹

2015

Patty's Toxicology

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Aliphatic carboxylic acids include a very wide range of chemicals that perform a diverse range of industrial functions. Many occur naturally and serve an important function in nutrition, and many are intermediates in normal biochemical processes. This chapter is limited to a discussion of the saturated aliphatic mono‐ and polycarboxylic acids. Because of the wide range of uses, the differing circumstances of isolation, and frequently the complexity of structure, many organic acids are described by a variety of names. In this chapter the names used in the text are usually the trivial or most common names; alternative names are given for reference. A current systematic or Chemical Abstracts acid name is given in the tables that describe physicochemical properties. The commercial and industrial importance of this class of compounds is indicated by recent production figures: acetic acid has a production volume in the region of 3.3 billion lb/year, acrylic acid in excess of 1 billion lb/year, and propionic acid of the order of 100 million lb/year. Esters and salts of organic acids are also produced in large volume. In general, serious physiological concerns for humans do not arise from the acids discussed in this chapter. Occasionally, concerns have been reported for individual acids, but usually with very high experimental or accidental exposures. The low level of concern associated with most of these acids is attested to by the many members of this class that are used as food additives, flavoring agents, and stabilizers, or as food materials. The primary adverse effect of exposure to aliphatic carboxylic acids is usually acute arising from their primary irritant effects on skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, particularly of the short‐chain acids. As the molecular weight increases and the water solubility decreases, the irritating capacity of a carboxylic acid generally decreases. In addition, skin sensitization is quite rare with the aliphatic carboxylic acids.

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Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids: Saturated

Szilagyi¹

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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Aliphatic carboxylic acids include a very wide range of chemicals that perform a diverse range of industrial functions. Many occur naturally and serve an important function in nutrition, and others are intermediates in normal biochemical processes. This chapter is limited to a discussion of the saturated aliphatic mono‐ and polycarboxylic acids. Because of the wide range of uses, the differing circumstances of isolation and often the complexity of structure, many organic acids are described by a variety of names. In this chapter, the names used in the text are usually the trivial or most common names; alternative names are given for reference. A current systematic or Chemical Abstracts acid name is given in the tables that describe physicochemical properties. The commercial and industrial importance of this class of compounds is indicated by recent production figures: formic acid has a production volume in excess of 1 billion lb/year, acetic acid has a production volume in the region of 3.3 billion lb/year, acrylic acid in excess of 1 billion lb/year, and propionic acid on the order of 100 million lb/year. Esters and salts of organic acids are also produced in large volumes. In general, serious physiological concerns for humans do not arise from the acids discussed in this chapter. Occasionally, concerns have been reported for individual acids, but usually with very high experimental or accidental exposures. The low level of concern associated with most of these acids is attested to by many members of this class that are used as food additives, flavoring agents, and stabilizers, or as food materials. The primary adverse effect of exposure to aliphatic carboxylic acids is usually acute arising from their primary irritant effects on skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, particularly of the short‐chain acids. As the molecular weight increases and the water solubility decreases, the irritating capacity of a carboxylic acid generally decreases. In addition, skin sensitization is quite rare with the aliphatic carboxylic acids.

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Circulating Platelet Aggregates and Thrombocytopenia Induced by Intravenous Infusions of Arachidonic and Lauric Acids in Guinea Pigs

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids: Saturated

Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids: Saturated

Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids, Saturated

Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids: Saturated

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