Circulating Microvesicles in Association with the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Coronary Thrombi from STEMI Patients

Abstract

Microvesicles (MVs) are actively secreted by cells. The NLRP3-inflammasome and the interleukin 6 (IL-6)-pathways are central in cardiovascular disease. Knowledge of how the inflammasome influences the MVs is limited. In a cross-sectional study, we assessed whether MVs in plasma associate with genes encoding inflammasome signalling in coronary thrombi. Moreover, any relationships between inflammasome activation and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, determined through Annexin V (AV+) labelling, and myocardial injury, assessed by cardiac troponin T (cTnT), were analysed. Intracoronary thrombi and blood samples from STEMI patients (n = 33) were investigated. mRNA of NLRP3, caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18), IL-6, soluble IL-6-receptor (sIL-6R), and glycoprotein-130 (gp130) were isolated from the thrombi and relatively quantified by RT-PCR. MVs were analysed by flow cytometry. Total AV+ MVs, mainly reflecting hypercoagulability, correlated positively to NLRP3 gene expression (r = 0.545, p = 0.009). A similar pattern was seen for platelet, endothelial and leukocyte derived MVs, separately. The majority of the MVs were AV− (96%). Total and AV− MVs correlated inversely with IL-1β (r = −0.399 and −0.438, respectively, p < 0.05, both) and gp130 (r = −0.457 and −0.502, respectively, p < 0.05, both). No correlations between MVs and cTnT were observed. Our findings indicate an association between NLRP3-inflammasome in coronary thrombi and procoagulant AV+ MVs in STEMI patients. The inverse relationships between AV− MVs and the gene expression of inflammasome activation may indicate an immuno-dampening role of this subpopulation.