Circulating Long Non-Coding RNAs as Novel Potential Biomarkers for Osteogenic Sarcoma

Abstract

Circulating cell-free nucleic acids recently became attractive targets to develop non-invasive diagnostic tools for cancer detection. Along with DNA and mRNAs, transcripts lacking coding potential (non-coding RNAs, ncRNAs) directly involved in the process of tumor pathogenesis have been recently detected in liquid biopsies. Interestingly, circulating ncRNAs exhibit specific expression patterns associated with cancer and suggest their role as novel biomarkers. However, the potential of circulating long ncRNAs (c-lncRNAs) to be markers in osteosarcoma (OS) is still elusive. In this study we performed a systematic review to identify thirteen c-lncRNAs whose altered expression in blood associate with OS. We herein discuss the potential impact that these c-lncRNAs may have on clinical decision-making in the management of OS. Overall, we aimed to provide novel insights that can contribute to the development of future precision medicine in oncology.

Emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs in osteosarcoma

“…Some plasma lncRNAs are linked to the growth and progression of tumors and may act as non-invasive circulating biomarkers for the detection of OS. Their classification, length, cellular localization, and mechanism of action have been discussed in another review ( Moonmuang et al, 2021 ). For instance, UCA1 expression is much higher in OS tissues than in normal bone tissues, and it was also significantly higher in the serum of patients with OS than in the serum of healthy controls.…”

An Overview of Circulating Cell-Free Nucleic Acids in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

“…The latter are non-coding transcripts usually longer than 200 nucleotides and are functionally involved in gene expression, subcellular transport, protein degradation, and organelle biogenesis [ 77 ]. Like miRNA, lncRNAs can also be associated with various cancer processes and can be obtained from biological fluids [ 78 ]. In the recent literature, there are some reports investigating circulating cell-free tumor lncRNAs as TNBC biomarkers.…”

Role of long non-coding RNAs in adipose tissue metabolism and associated pathologies

“…The remarkable stability of 828 lncRNAs while circulating in human fluids, especially when incorporated in exosomes or apoptotic 829 bodies, is one of the key benefits that makes them useful as diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring 830 biomarkers (Figure 5A). Furthermore, lncRNAs may be released in an exosome-independent 831 mechanism into bodily fluids, where they may form complexes with high-density lipoprotein or protein 832 Argonaute 2, similar to miRNAs [250]. Therefore, circulating lncRNAs have been identified as highly 833 sensitive, specific, and reproducible biomarkers for severe diseases, and they have been suggested as 834 promising markers for some AT-related disorders, including diabetes and obesity (Figure 5B), as will 835 be reviewed in the next section.…”

“…RNA-seq of 844 human blood exosomes revealed the presence of many lncRNAs [249]. The remarkable stability of 845 lncRNAs while circulating in human fluids, especially when incorporated in exosomes or apoptotic 846 bodies, is one of the key benefits that makes them useful as diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring 33 mechanism into bodily fluids, where they may form complexes with high-density lipoprotein or protein 849 argonaute Argonaute 2, similar to miRNAs [250]. Therefore, circulating lncRNAs se molecules have 850 been identified as highly sensitive, specific, and reproducible biomarkers for severe diseases, and they 851 have been .…”