Circulating Levels of Renalase, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine in Dialysis Patients

Abstract

Background: hRenalase may degrade catecholamines and regulate sympathetic tone and blood pressure (BP). The aim of the study was to assess dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and renalase in 75 hemodialysis (HD) and 26 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and their correlations with heart rate (HR), BP, a type of hypotensive therapy, and residual renal function. Methods: Renalase, DA, NE were studied using commercially available assays. Results: Renalase and NE were higher and DA was lower in dialyzed groups comparing to healthy volunteers. Hemodialysis patients had lower NE and higher renalase level. Norepinephrine was higher in anuric patients in HD group. Renalase correlated with dialysis vintage and inversely with residual diuresis. Dopamine correlated with residual diuresis in the whole study cohort, with HR in PD patients, with renalase in HD patients. Norepinephrine correlated with aortic diameter in PD patients. Norepinephrine was significantly higher in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in HD group. Hemodialysis population with CAD had lower NE and higher DA and renalase level than their PD counterparts. In the follow up, 27% of HD group died. Cardiac death was diagnosed in 17% and there was higher renalase level than in noncardiac death. Conclusions: Elevated level of circulating renalase in dialysis patients is rather related to kidney function and the sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity found in this population. The real excess of renalase in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease still remains to be proven. If confirmed, it may give a new way for pathophysiological therapy.

Levels of renalase and advanced oxidation protein products with regard to catecholamines in haemodialysed patients

“…In addition, no significant correlations between CA and renalase were observed. These findings are in agreement with the studies by Zbroch and Malyszko [23] who did not observe any correlation between DA, NA and renalase levels. The elevated concentrations of CA in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are the results not only of the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), followed by an increased angiotensin II level and a rise in sympathetic afferent outflow from the diseased kidney, but also from a reduced CA clearance [24].…”

Renalase does not catalyze the oxidation of catecholamines

“…In addition, assays 1 & 5 indicate that the basal level of renalase activity in blood is sufficiently low to be below the sensitivity of these methods. Using antibody detection, Zbroch et al determined that the concentration of renalase in plasma was 4 lg/mL (100 nM) [31] approximately one fifth of the exogenous concentration added in assays 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 & 9. That each of these traces show marked dioxygen consumption with added renalase and those without show no dioxygen consumption (assays 1 & 5) suggests that there is very little renalase in blood or that the majority of it is inactive.…”

Renalase Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Hypertension and Concomitant Coronary Heart Disease

“…Renalase is a flavin adenine dinucleotide dependent amine oxidase and secreted in the kidney. Renalase is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and cardiac function via degrading catecholamines in the blood circulation [3,4]. Human renalase gene is mapped to 10q23.33 [5] and highly expressed in the kidney and heart [6,7].…”