Circulating Bone Morphogenetic Protein-9 is Decreased in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract

Objective We aimed to examine the association between bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in conjunction with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance (IR) and to identify evidence supporting the potential role of BMP-9 in the clinical prevention and treatment of T2DM in conjunction with NAFLD. Methods One hundred and twenty subjects were included in this study. We sorted all of the subjects into four groups of equal size (n=30 each). A trained expert assessed the height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the subjects and computed the body mass index (BMI). All subjects had their fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), serum BMP-9, and biochemical indices assessed. Results Significant variations were observed in BMI, SBP, DBP, ALT, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoB, FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, and serum BMP-9 among the four groups (P<0.05). The level of serum BMP-9 was positively correlated with HDL-C, while the level of serum BMP-9 was negatively correlated with BMI, SBP, DBP, ALT, TC, TG, LDL-C, FBG, FINS, and HOMA-IR. Multiple stepwise regression analyses revealed that FINS, LDL-C, HDL-C, and BMI were independent factors impacting serum BMP-9 levels (P<0.05). Logistic regression analyses revealed that BMP-9 was a protective factor for T2DM paired with NAFLD, while HOMA-IR was a risk factor. Conclusion Serum BMP-9 levels are significantly lower in the T2DM+NAFLD group when compared to other groups, and BMP-9 is an independent risk factor for T2DM paired with NAFLD.

Circulating Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) as a new biomarker for noninvasive stratification of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome

“…This was consistent with other studies. Xu et al found in middle-aged and older populations [ 23 ] as well as patients with T2DM and NAFLD [ 10 ], circulating BMP9 levels positively correlated with HDL and negatively correlated with markers of adiposity such as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) or BMI, parameters of glucose metabolism (FPG and HbA1c) and TG. Animal studies also showed that upregulation of BMP9 levels inhibited the expression of lipogenic genes, ameliorated triglyceride accumulation in liver, decreased serum TC and TG [ 24 ], improved glucose tolerance, decreased FPG and alleviate IR in mice [ 11 ].…”

“…This was consistent with other studies. Xu et al found in middle-aged and older populations [23] as well as patients with T2DM and NAFLD [10], circulating BMP9 levels positively correlated with HDL and negatively correlated with markers of adiposity such as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) or BMI, parameters of glucose metabolism (FPG and HbA1c) and TG.…”

“…Similarly, another study revealed that BMP9 levels decreased significantly in MetS patients than in healthy controls. Hao et al found circulating BMP9 decreased in patients with T2DM and NAFLD [ 10 ]. Our previous study [ 11 ] showed BMP9 was significantly reduced in NAFLD mice, and supplement of BMP9 improved NAFLD by downregulating the expression of genes related to glucometabolism and lipometabolism, thereby reducing liver inflammation.…”

Circulating bone morphogenetic protein 9 as a new biomarker for non-invasive stratification of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome

“…This was consistent with other studies. Xu et al found in middle-aged and older populations [19] as well as patients with T2DM and NAFLD, [10] circulating BMP9 levels positively correlated with HDL and negatively correlated with markers of adiposity such as Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) or BMI, parameters of glucose metabolism (FPG and HbA1c), and TG. Animal studies also showed that upregulation of BMP9 levels inhibited the expression of lipogenic genes, ameliorated triglyceride accumulation in liver, decreased serum TC and TG [20] , improved glucose tolerance, decreased FPG and alleviate IR in mice.…”

“…Hao et al found circulating BMP9 decreased in patients with T2DM and NAFLD. [10] Our previous study [11] showed BMP9 was signi cantly reduced in NALFD mice, and supplement of BMP9 improved NAFLD by downregulating the expression of genes related to glucometabolism and lipometabolism, thereby reducing liver in ammation. All these ndings hint BMP9 has the potential as a serological biomarker and new treatment for NAFLD and MetS.…”