Circulating blood levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10 as potential diagnostic biomarkers in gastric cancer: a controlled study

Abstract

BackgroundGastric adenocarcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori infection activates a signaling cascade that induces production of cytokines and chemokines involved in the chronic inflammatory response that drives carcinogenesis. We evaluated circulating cytokines and chemokines as potential diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer.MethodsWe included 201 healthy controls and 162 patients with distal gastric cancer who underwent primary surgical resection between 2009 and 2012 in Mexico City. The clinical and pathological data of patients were recorded by questionnaire, and the cancer subtype was classified as intestinal or diffuse. Pathological staging of cancer was based on the tumor–node–metastasis staging system of the International Union Against Cancer. Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and MCP-1 in serum were measured using multiplex analyte profiling technology and concentrations of IL-8, IFN-γ, and TGF-β in plasma were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsLevels of IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10 were significantly higher and that of MCP-1 was lower in gastric cancer patients compared with controls. No differences in IL-8 or TNF-α levels were observed between gastric cancer and controls. IFN-γ and IL-10 were significantly higher in both intestinal and diffuse gastric cancer, whereas IL-1β and IL-6 were higher and TGF-β lower only in intestinal gastric cancer; MCP-1 was lower only in diffuse gastric cancer. IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were significantly higher in early (I/II) and late stage (III/IV) gastric cancer; IL-1β and IL-8 were higher and MCP-1 was lower only in late stage (IV) patients. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed that for diagnosis of GC, IL-6 had high specificity (0.97) and low sensitivity (0.39), IL-10 had moderate specificity (0.82) and low sensitivity (0.48), and IL-1β and IFN-γ showed low specificity (0.43 and 0.53, respectively) and moderate sensitivity (0.76 and 0.71, respectively).ConclusionsIncreased levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10 might be useful as diagnostic biomarkers for GC; however, this needs to be confirmed with larger number of patients and with control groups other than blood donors, properly age paired. IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and TGF-β differentiate intestinal from diffuse GC. IFN-γ and IL-10 might be useful for diagnosis of early stage GC, and IL-1β, IL-8, and MCP-1 for late stages of the disease.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3310-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Systemic interleukin 10 levels indicate advanced stages while interleukin 17A levels correlate with reduced survival in esophageal adenocarcinomas

“…This assumption is supported by a study in which increased systemic levels of IL-10 and decreased levels of IL-4 have been found investigating EAC and ESCC together [21]. Conversely, in gastric cancers increased levels of both serum IL-10 and IL-4 have been reported [22][23][24][25][26]. These findings emphasize the use of both systemic IL-10 and IL-4 as potential biomarkers in EACs.…”

“…On the other hand, anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-4 and IL-10 have a predominantly regulatory function in the immune system [19,20]. Increased as well as decreased levels of IL-4 and IL-10 have been reported in esophageal and gastric cancers and their prognostic value remains uncertain [21][22][23][24][25][26]. However, one meta-analysis identified serum IL-10 as a negative prognostic marker in several gastrointestinal malignancies including colon and gastric cancers.…”

Serum Cytokine of Il-2, Il-10 and Il-12 Levels in Patients With Stomach Adenocarcinoma

“…The concentration of cytokines was calculated based on standard curves provided with the kits, and results were expressed in ng/ml. For ELISA all samples were tested in duplicate and the average values were used in the analysis (4) .…”

“…Mortality rates are higher in Asian and Latin American countries, where cases are usually diagnosed at later stages, leading to very low survival rates. It arises more in men, than women (2:1), 95% of cases are adenocarcinomas which is the most common malignant tumor regardless of age, race or inclining factors presented by a patient (3,4) .…”

Correction to: Circulating blood levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10 as potential diagnostic biomarkers in gastric cancer: a controlled study

“…After publication of the original article [ 1 ] the authors found the following author names were incorrect and needed to be amended: In the original article, author Javier Torres’ name was presented as J. Torres. In the original article author Roberto Herrera-Goepfert’s first name was incorrectly presented as Ramón.…”