Circulating biomarkers of extracellular matrix remodeling and risk of atherosclerotic events

Abstract

Circulating matrix markers have emerged as candidate biomarkers for predicting risk of subsequent atherosclerotic events. Future large longitudinal observational and intervention studies will determine the role of matrix biomarkers in diagnosis and prognostication, and as targets for intervention in cardiovascular diseases.

Visceral Fat Accumulation is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Atherogenic Factor-overlapped Model Rats

“…MMP-9 and TIMP-1 play important roles in the progression of atherosclerosis 38,39 and oxidative stress is associated with MMP-9 expression. Plasma MMP-9 activity is increased in hypertension 40 and in high-fat calorie-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus 41 .…”

Ezetimibe Ameliorates Atherosclerotic and Inflammatory Markers, Atherogenic Lipid Profiles, Insulin Sensitivity, and Liver Dysfunction in Japanese Patients with Hypercholesterolemia

“…In humans, MMP-9 is a well-recognized marker of plaque vulnerability 18) and of atherosclerosis burden 19) , and is regarded as the matrix metalloproteinase that best predicts rapid coronary artery narrowing, the incidence of ischemic heart disease, and worse outcome in patients with stroke and cardiovascular death 20) . When patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm were pretreated with 40 mg simvastatin plus ezetimibe or with a placebo, the concentration of HOMA-IR at baseline were significantly higher than in the normal ALT group, and were significantly decreased to levels similar to those of the normal ALT group after treatment ( Table 3).…”

Evidence that periodontal treatment improves biomarkers and CVD outcomes

“…The metabolism of the extracellular matrix is governed by a fine balance between the MMPs and their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) (Sternlicht & Werb 2001). Two of the MMP related biomarkers most consistently implicated in CVD development and prognosis are MMP-9 and TIMP-1 (Sundstrom & Vasan 2006). Circulating levels of these MMPs have been related to most CVD risk factors in large community-based samples (Sundstrom et al 2004, Hansson et al 2009) and have been associated with risk of death in patients with known CVD (Lubos et al 2006, Hansson et al 2011.…”