Circular Carbon Economy (CCE): A Way to Invest CO2 and Protect the Environment, a Review

Abstract

Increased levels of carbon dioxide have revolutionised the Earth; higher temperatures, melting icecaps, and flooding are now more prevalent. Fortunately, renewable energy mitigates this problem by making up 20% of human energy needs. However, from a “green environment” perspective, can carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere be reduced and eliminated? The carbon economic circle is an ideal solution to this problem, as it enables us to store, use, and remove carbon dioxide. This research introduces the circular carbon economy (CCE) and addresses its economic importance. Additionally, the paper discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS), and the utilisation of CO2. Furthermore, it explains current technologies and their future applications on environmental impact, CO2 capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS). Various opinions on the best way to achieve zero carbon emissions and on CO2 applications and their economic impact are also discussed. The circular carbon economy can be achieved through a highly transparent global administration that is supportive of advanced technologies that contribute to the efficient utilisation of energy sources. This global administration must also provide facilities to modernise and develop factories and power stations, based on emission-reducing technologies. Monitoring emissions in countries through a global monitoring network system, based on actual field measurements, linked to a worldwide database allows all stakeholders to track the change in greenhouse gas emissions. The process of sequestering carbon dioxide in the ocean is affected by the support for technologies and industries that adopt the principle of carbon recycling in order to maintain the balance. This includes supporting initiatives that contribute to increasing vegetation cover and preserving oceans from pollutants, especially chemicals and radioactive pollutants, which will undoubtedly affect the process of sequestering carbon dioxide in the oceans, and this will contribute significantly to maintaining carbon dioxide at acceptable levels.

Metal Oxides as Catalyst/Supporter for CO2 Capture and Conversion, Review

“…Because of the country's economic growth (GDP), avoiding development, such as industrialization, urbanization, and transportation, for CO 2 emission reduction is complicated. There were approximately 32.8 billion tons of CO 2 emissions from the combustion of fuels around the world [1]. In addition, as a result of overpopulation, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of private vehicles.…”

“…However, is it possible to reduce and eliminate carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere from a "green" perspective? The carbon economic circle, which allows us to store, use, and remove CO 2 , is a viable solution to this problem [1,5]. However, carbon dioxide's high thermodynamic stability was one of the significant impediments that prevented its utilization.…”

Communication Channels for the Rule of Law and Environmental Sustainability: Reflections from a Green Economy Perspective

“…According to the research results, we can see the relationship between the growth of emerging economies and environmental sustainability. With the continuous increase of GDP per capita in various regions, the degree of environmental sustainability also experienced a first decrease, then an increase, and finally a downward trend [ 20 , 21 ]. The economic analysis model constructed in each region conducts in-depth analysis on the evaluation of relevant economic development factors and evaluates the influencing factors between the development factors of each regional economy and environmental sustainability.…”

A Review on SAPO‐34 Zeolite Materials for CO2 Capture and Conversion

“…Carbon 4Rs‐reduce, reuse, recycle, and remove‐have recently been developed as a solution to this impending issue [7,8] . Carbon sequestration is a strategy that governments and oil corporations are exploring to reduce CO 2 emissions.…”