Circuit Resistance Training Improves The Atherogenic Lipid Profiles Of Persons With Chronic Paraplegia

Nash, Mark S.; Jacobs, Patrick L.; Mendez, Armando J.; Goldberg, Ronald

doi:10.1080/10790268.2001.11753548

Cited by 127 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…Only 3 subjects were assigned to each group, and no control group was included for comparison. There were 12 studies that reported carbohydrate-related outcomes (9,10,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) (Table 1) and 15 that reported lipid-related outcomes (9,10,26,27,30,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44) (Table 2). Only 1 study included cardiovascular morbidity as an endpoint (Table 2), and this was assessed using a survey instrument with variable levels of sensitivity and specificity when tested in able-bodied populations (45).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We identified 16 studies involving 369 individuals that reported lipid- (9,10,26,27,30,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44) or cardiovascular-(45) related outcomes ( Table 2). The overall quality of SCI-specific evidence supporting exercise as a therapy for lipid metabolism disorders was low (46,47).…”

Section: Description Of Exercise Studies With Lipid-or Cardiovascularmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than three fourths of subjects were men, with injury levels again ranging from C4 to L5 and including both incomplete and complete lesions. Six studies examined the effects of active exercise on lipid-related measures (26,27,(36)(37)(38)(39). Only 2 studies examined FES exercise (30,40).…”

Section: Description Of Exercise Studies With Lipid-or Cardiovascularmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only 2 studies examined FES exercise (30,40). Of the intervention studies, only 4 considered baseline lipid levels in analysis or discussion (30,36,38,40). There were 6 survey studies that assessed the association between self-reported physical activity and lipid measures (9,10,35,(41)(42)(43).…”

Section: Description Of Exercise Studies With Lipid-or Cardiovascularmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Exercise on Disorders of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Adults With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Systematic Review of the Evidence

Carlson

Wilt

Taylor

et al. 2009

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

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Background/Objective: Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders may affect adults with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) differently than able-bodied individuals because of reduced physical activity in the SCI population. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of exercise to improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders in adults with chronic SCI. Methods: Studies were identified in MEDLINE (1996MEDLINE ( -2008, Cochrane Library, bibliographies of identified articles, and expert recommendations. English language articles were included if they evaluated adults with chronic SCI; evaluated exercise; and reported carbohydrate-, lipid-, and/or cardiovascular disease-related outcomes. Results: Twenty-two studies met inclusion criteria, including 15 intervention case-series and 7 crosssectional surveys using self-reported physical activity measures. Intervention protocols involved active (n 5 7) or electrically stimulated (n 5 7) exercise or an educational program (n 5 1) from 8 to 52 weeks in duration. Frequency of exercise was typically 2 to 3 sessions/week, lasting 30 to 60 minutes/session. Totals of 150 and 369 subjects participated in studies with carbohydrate (n 5 12) or lipid and cardiovascular (n 5 16) outcomes, respectively; 78% were men. Level of SCI ranged from C4 to L5 and included both incomplete and complete lesions. Outcomes measures included fasting and postload blood glucose and insulin concentrations and serum cholesterol levels. Small sample sizes and variations in study design, intervention, SCI characteristics, and reported outcomes precluded quantitative pooling of results or reliable assessment of metabolic efficacy. No intervention studies assessed cardiovascular outcomes. Conclusions: Evidence is insufficient to determine whether exercise improves carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders among adults with SCI. Expert consensus, based on the preliminary evidence, is needed to inform future studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Exercise Studies With Lipid-or Cardiovascularmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Exercise Studies With Lipid-or Cardiovascularmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Exercise Studies With Lipid-or Cardiovascularmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of Exercise on Disorders of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Adults With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Systematic Review of the Evidence

Carlson

Wilt

Taylor

et al. 2009

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

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“…6 Risk factors for cardiovascular disease are ameliorated in spinal cord-injured individuals by exercise with reported increased cardiac dimensions, 7 higher maximal work rate, 7 increase in peak oxygen consumption, 8 reduced breathlessness, 9 and improved lipid profiles and glucose metabolism. [10][11][12] The emphasis on patient-centred goal setting and patient involvement in rehabilitation planning in current practice suggests the importance of patients' perception of the value of a given activity. We wished to establish the perception of the role of sporting activity in rehabilitation and in general health among patients who had recently undergone rehabilitation in a SCI unit (SCIU).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient perception of the impact of sporting activity on rehabilitation in a spinal cord injuries unit

O'Neill

Maguire

2004

Spinal Cord

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Objective: To establish patients' perception of the effect of sport on rehabilitation. Design: Single investigator telephone questionnaire survey. Setting: Spinal Cord Injuries Unit, Musgrave Park Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. Method: A telephone questionnaire was administered to patients admitted over a 12-month period. Information on patient demographics, sports participation before and after injury and patients' perception of the impact of sports on rehabilitation was recorded. Results: In all, 33 (84.6%) of the 39 patients could be contacted and all completed the questionnaire. Of the respondents 27 (81.8%) had a diagnosis of spinal cord injury. Six (18.2%) were female and 20 (60.6%) were below 45 years. A total of 15 (45.5%) patients previously participated in regular sporting activity. At least 24 (72.7%) tried one sport during admission. In all, 14 reported taking part in regular sporting activity after discharge, although 23 expressed a desire to do so. Of those 60% who had regularly exercised continued to do so and 27% of those who reported no regular sport, before injury, commenced regular active exercise. A general benefit of sporting activity was recognised by 78.8% and a rehabilitation benefit by 69.7%. Self-reported benefits included increase in fitness, quality of life, confidence and social contact. Conclusion: A high proportion of patients perceived sporting activity as beneficial. Patients exercising before injury were more likely to exercise after injury. All inpatients were introduced to sport by staff, emphasising the importance of this rehabilitation opportunity in planning in-patient care.

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Treadmill training–induced adaptations in muscle phenotype in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury

et al. 2004

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Body weight-supported treadmill (BWST) training has been shown to improve ambulatory capacity in persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the effect that BWST training has on skeletal muscle phenotype is unknown. We aimed to determine whether 6 months (three sessions/week) of BWST training in neurologically stable persons with a traumatic spinal cord injury (ASIA C) alters skeletal muscle phenotype, ambulatory capacity, and blood lipid profile. Externally supported body weight decreased, and walking velocity and duration of the training sessions increased (all P Ͻ 0.05) as a result of training. Muscle biopsies revealed increases in the mean muscle-fiber area of type I and IIa fibers. Training induced a reduction in type IIax/IIx fibers, as well as a decrease in IIX myosin heavy chain, and an increase in type IIa fibers. Maximal citrate synthase and 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity also increased following training. BWST training brought about reductions in plasma total (Ϫ11%) and low-density lipoprotein (Ϫ13%) cholesterol. We conclude that, in patients with a spinal cord injury, BWST training is able to induce an increase in muscle fiber size and bring about increases in muscle oxidative capacity. In addition, BWST training can bring about improvements in ambulatory capacity and antiatherogenic changes in blood lipid profile. Trauma to the spinal cord can cause motor and sensory dysfunction of varying degrees distal to the level of the lesion. The distal limb musculature below the level of trauma undergoes a pronounced atrophy 1,5,22,27 and a general "deconditioning" including a reduction in oxidative potential, 7,22 and a shift toward the fast, and specifically type IIx, fiber population. 1,7,14,23,28 These changes undoubtedly lead to a higher muscle fatigability. 12,15 Therapies aimed at improving the injury-induced deconditioning of skeletal muscle in persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI) are highly relevant due to the low quantity (due to atrophy) and oxidative capacity of the paralyzed skeletal muscle. 7,22 A number of studies have shown that, in persons with a complete SCI, functional electrical stimulation (FES) training is able to reverse the SCI-induced atrophy, increase muscle oxidative potential, and improve fatigue resistance. 7,12,15,18,23 Persons with an incomplete SCI frequently identify independent ambulation as one of their primary rehabilitation goals. 2,10 Although FES promotes important phenotypic changes in persons with SCI,7,12,15,18,23 there is no evidence that FES improves ambulatory capacity in persons with incomplete SCI. Body weight-sup-

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Circuit Resistance Training Improves The Atherogenic Lipid Profiles Of Persons With Chronic Paraplegia

Cited by 127 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Exercise on Disorders of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Adults With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Systematic Review of the Evidence

Effect of Exercise on Disorders of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Adults With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Systematic Review of the Evidence

Patient perception of the impact of sporting activity on rehabilitation in a spinal cord injuries unit

Treadmill training–induced adaptations in muscle phenotype in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury

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