Circinate balanitis as the presenting symptom of sexually-acquired reactive arthritis: a case report

Dermoscopy of Circinate Balanitis

“…It can present either independently or with other mucocutaneous features of SARA. [ 1 ] In our case, the representative dermoscopic findings of annular and polycyclic pustules, dotted vessels, and erythematous background can be correlated with histopathological findings of dense dermal neutrophilic infiltrates, tips of increased number of papillary dermal capillaries, and upper dermal capillary dilatation, respectively. [ 2 ] The use of a non-invasive tool like a dermoscope can aide in differentiating circinate balanitis from its mimickers, including annular lichen planus (hairpin-like vessels and annular Wickham's striae which correspond to focal hypergranulosis) and pustular psoriasis (crusts, yellow globules with dotted vessels correspond to hyperkeratosis, epidermal neutrophilic microabscess, and papillary dermal dilated vessels).…”

A penile rash in a child with arthritis

“…The former is more common in children . HLA B27 haplotype is believed to be a contributing factor to disease development as well …”

Circinate Balanoposthitis as a Possible Clinical Manifestation of Gonococcal Infection

“…These symptoms are usually known by the intelligent patient not to be in the urethra because they continue after the urethra has been cleansed by the act of urination. 8 C. trachomatis can cause balanoposthitis in two clinical forms, erosive form and psoriasiform, 4,6 The erosive form occurs as the islands of erosions on the glans penis and prepuce with the edge that could be easily peeled off, that is called as circinate balanoposthitis. 4,5 Similiar clinical appearance can also be found in balanoposthitis due to T. pallidum.…”

“…8 C. trachomatis can cause balanoposthitis in two clinical forms, erosive form and psoriasiform, 4,6 The erosive form occurs as the islands of erosions on the glans penis and prepuce with the edge that could be easily peeled off, that is called as circinate balanoposthitis. 4,5 Similiar clinical appearance can also be found in balanoposthitis due to T. pallidum. 9 Some case reports showed six case of balanitis caused by C. trachomatis with three psoriasiform cases, two erosive forms, and one case with both clinical manifestations.…”

“…1 Gonococcal balanoposthitis is very rarely reported. 4,5 Balanitis/balanoposthitis due to C. trachomatis almost always occurs as a complication of gonococcal urethritis. Confirming the diagnosis should be done not only by history taking and careful observation on clinical manifestations, but also obtaining further examinations such as direct bacteriological examinations from the lesions, bacterial culture, serological, and PCR examinations.…”