Circadian variation in blood glucose levels, in glucose tolerance and in plasma immunoreactive insulin levels

Biological Rhythms and Medicine

“…As expected, blood sugar levels were lower when the intravenous GTT was performed during the morning rather than during the afternoon. This finding is in agreement with that obtained from research conducted using an oral GTT (Jarrett andKeen 1970, 1972). It should be noted that time-related differences observed in oral and intravenous GTTs could be at least partially related to circadian changes in the plasma insulin responsiveness ( Fig.…”

“…This is best exemplified by the blood glucose tolerance test (GTT) , whether carried out by "loading" glucose orally or intravenously. When the GTT is performed under carefully standardized conditions, different findings result from tests done in the morning as compared to ones done in the afternoon or evening (Bowen and Reeves 1967;Campbell et al 1975;Capani 1972;Gibson et al 1975;Jarrett 1972;Jarrett and Keen 1972;Lestradet et al 1970;Sensi et al 1970;Whichelow et al 1974;Zimmet et al 1974). The oral GTT is both sex and age dependent; nevertheless, temporal differences have been found for the oral GTT in groups matched for age and sex as demonstrated by Zimmet et al (1974).…”

Diabetes Mellitus and Its Degenerative Complications: A Prospective Study of 4,400 Patients Observed Between 1947 and 1973

“…Finally, we were not able to show the least favorable effect of good glycemic control on the prevalence and the incidence of both arterial lesions, which confirms the majority of previous observations. 71 ' 201 CONCLUSIONS A fter careful analysis of the enormous literature dedicated to the specific and nonspecific complications of diabetes, two impressions emerge: (1) The rigor of most of the statistics leaves something to be desired particularly in the controversial sphere of the effects of metabolic control. We did not study it.…”

Opening the Debate: How to Fulfill the Need for Physicians’ Training in Circadian-Related Topics in a Full Medical School Curriculum

“…Application of circadian rhythms to clinical medicine is of relevance as the time of day is an important variable when running medical tests [ e.g. , when measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressure, intraocular pressure, insulin response, coagulation, and hormonal studies [ 16 17 18 19 ], see examples in Figure 1 ] and most likely influences diagnosis and pharmacotherapy. In addition, conceptualization of biological rhythms in laboratory medicine is certainly relevant to health professionals as it represents a challenge, helps improve diagnostic accuracy, and is an opportunity to better assess the therapeutic efficiency of a given drug.…”