Circadian rhythms in serum and CSF cortisol of rhesus monkeys, and their modulation by timed injections ofl-5-hydroxytryptophan

Umberkoman-Wiita, B.; Hansen, Stefan; Herbert, J.; Moore, G.F.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(81)91030-1

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…We believe that one of the reasons might be in the methods used to measure the basal cortisol levels. When blood or fecal sampling was used, the sampling time points (29)(30)(31)(32) and the stress caused by the capture and possible environmental disturbances shortly before the collection might have affected the cortisol levels (33)(34)(35).…”

Section: Xiaolimentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal separation produces lasting changes in cortisol and behavior in rhesus monkeys

Feng

Wang

Yang

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

141

101

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Maternal separation (MS), which can lead to hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities in rhesus monkeys, is frequently used to model early adversity. Whether this deleterious effect on monkeys is reversible by later experience is unknown. In this study, we assessed the basal hair cortisol in rhesus monkeys after 1.5 and 3 y of normal social life following an early separation. These results showed that peer-reared monkeys had significantly lower basal hair cortisol levels than the mother-reared monkeys at both years examined. The plasma cortisol was assessed in the monkeys after 1.5 y of normal social life, and the results indicated that the peak in the peer-reared cortisol response to acute stressors was substantially delayed. In addition, after 3 y of normal social life, abnormal behavioral patterns were identified in the peer-reared monkeys. They showed decreases in locomotion and initiated sitting together, as well as increases in stereotypical behaviors compared with the mother-reared monkeys. These results demonstrate that the deleterious effects of MS on rhesus monkeys cannot be compensated by a later normal social life, suggesting that the effects of MS are long-lasting and that the maternal-separated rhesus monkeys are a good animal model to study early adversity and to investigate the development of psychiatric disorders induced by exposure to early adversity.

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Section: Xiaolimentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal separation produces lasting changes in cortisol and behavior in rhesus monkeys

Feng

Wang

Yang

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

141

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a previous paper [31], we have shown in rhesus mon keys that short-term changes in serum cortisol, such as those occurring during the circadian rhythm or after a single in jection of either 5-hydroxytryptophan or cortisol, resulted in a proportionately greater increase in cortisol levels in CSF. In this study, the relationship between blood and CSF cortisol levels in ovariectomized, estrogen-treated monkeys is examined under more steady-state conditions, in which cortisol was elevated by prolonged treatment with either ACTH or cortisol itself.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Blood (3 ml) was collected from the femoral vein and CSF (2-3 ml) from the cisterna magna within 10-15 min of inducing ketam ine anesthesia which has no discernible effect on cortisol levels [31 ]. Samples of blood were allowed to clot for 1 h at room temperature and then kept at 4 °C overnight.…”

Section: Collection O F Blood and Csfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Regulating Levels of Cortisol in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Monkeys during Acute and Chronic Hypercortisolemia

Martensz¹,

Herbert²,

Stacey³

1983

Neuroendocrinology

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Cortisol levels in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were studied in ovariectomized, estrogen-treated monkeys during either prolonged hypercortisolemia or the more transient effects of a bolus injection of cortisol. Control (saline-treated) animals showed the expected diurnal rhythm in serum cortisol, but proportionately more cortisol was present in the CSF when serum levels were high (i.e. in the morning). Prolonged hypercortisolemia for up to 37 days was produced by either thrice daily injections of cortisol itself or single daily injections of ACTH_1-24 in the morning. Both treatments produced disproportionately larger amounts of cortisol in the CSF than in the serum, and the CSF/serum cortisol ratio was increased. Furthermore, prolonged ACTH treatment caused a marked elevation in CSF cortisol in afternoon samples taken at 16.30 h compared with those at 10.00 h, in the absence of a similar change in serum cortisol levels. The relative importance of entry and clearance of cortisol in the CSF in these conditions was studied in several ways. ‘Free’ cortisol levels in serum (determined by equilibrium dialysis) were equal to CSF cortisol levels in control monkeys, but were less than those in the CSF of hypercortisolemic animals. Entry of cortisol into CSF after a bolus injection was rapid, but, unlike serum, CSF cortisol levels did not decline significantly over a 70-min sampling period and the delayed clearance from the CSF could account for some of the effects seen during hypercortisolemia. Neither high levels of prolactin (which is elevated together with cortisol in ‘stress’), induced by giving sulpiride, nor treatment with progesterone (which is also bound by corticosteroid binding globulin) altered the distribution of cortisol between blood and CSF. The concentrations of cortisol in the CSF therefore are regulated by factors influencing both its entry and clearance from the cerebral compartment. Neural tissues sensitive to cortisol are thus exposed to levels of this hormone that are both qualitatively and quantitatively different from those expected by direct extrapolation from serum levels.

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“…Cortisol seems to be cleared slowly from CSF compared with plasma [9], and a further selective delay in the clearance from the CSF of dominant males might explain this finding. We have also shown, in rhesus monkeys, that the shape of the circadian rhythm in the vascular and the cerebral compartments is different [11]. Presumably because of slow clearance, the fall of CSF cor tisol levels during the afternoon takes place more slowly than that in the plasma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Modulation by Social Status of the Relationship between Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Cortisol Levels in Male Talapoin Monkeys

Herbert¹,

Keverne²,

Yodyingyuad³

1986

Neuroendocrinology

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Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay in male talapoin monkeys living in social groups. The slopes of the regressions between cortisol in the two compartments were significantly less in dominant than either the most subordinate males or those of intermediate rank. Furthermore, the dominants’ CSF also contained proportionately more cortisol than was predicted from the overall regression analyses of the groups of which they were members. There was no difference in the proportion of ‘free’ cortisol (that is, not bound to serum proteins) between the serums of dominant or subordinate males. These findings point to an association between social status and the distribution of cortisol between blood and CSF in these monkeys.

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Circadian rhythms in serum and CSF cortisol of rhesus monkeys, and their modulation by timed injections ofl-5-hydroxytryptophan

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Maternal separation produces lasting changes in cortisol and behavior in rhesus monkeys

Maternal separation produces lasting changes in cortisol and behavior in rhesus monkeys

Factors Regulating Levels of Cortisol in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Monkeys during Acute and Chronic Hypercortisolemia

Modulation by Social Status of the Relationship between Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Cortisol Levels in Male Talapoin Monkeys

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