Circadian rhythms in parasites

Rijo‐Ferreira, Filipa; Takahashi, Joseph S.; Figueiredo, Luísa M.

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006590

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Although the process of gametocyte maturation is still not well understood, potential inducers of gametocyte maturation have been described (Sinden ), some of which may be under circadian control (Rijo‐Ferreira et al. ). Also, Hawking () observed that “the cycle of infectivity is not due to the cycle of the number of gametocytes in the blood but must be due to variation in their physiological state—i.e., their suitability to develop in mosquitoes”.…”

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confidence: 99%

Timing malaria transmission with mosquito fluctuations

et al. 2018

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Temporal variations in the activity of arthropod vectors can dramatically affect the epidemiology and evolution of vector‐borne pathogens. Here, we explore the “Hawking hypothesis”, which states that these pathogens may evolve the ability to time investment in transmission to match the activity of their vectors. First, we use a theoretical model to identify the conditions promoting the evolution of time‐varying transmission strategies in pathogens. Second, we experimentally test the “Hawking hypothesis” by monitoring the within‐host dynamics of Plasmodium relictum throughout the acute and the chronic phases of the bird infection. We detect a periodic increase of parasitemia and mosquito infection in the late afternoon that coincides with an increase in the biting activity of its natural vector. We also detect a positive effect of mosquito bites on Plasmodium replication in the birds both in the acute and in the chronic phases of the infection. This study highlights that Plasmodium parasites use two different strategies to increase the match between transmission potential and vector availability. We discuss the adaptive nature of these unconditional and plastic transmission strategies with respect to the time scale and the predictability of the fluctuations in the activity of the vector.

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confidence: 99%

Timing malaria transmission with mosquito fluctuations

et al. 2018

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“…However, on the one hand it is important to consider not only the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, but also the presence of the first-responders in the blood, which can serve as a source of neutrophils and other myeloid cells during the acute phase, prior to the mobilization from their reservoirs in the head kidney. On the other hand, we should keep in perspective that pathogens like bacteria and parasites are also regulated by circadian rhythms [39][40][41], and they eventually manipulate the host rhythmicity for their own benefit [42,43] as viruses do as well [44]. Therefore, "when" a pathogen attacks a host, and how the host defend itself, is a fact regulated by an exquisite balance between the species involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dawn to Dusk: Diurnal Rhythm of the Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)

Montero

Strzelczyk

Chan

et al. 2019

Biology

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The daily change of light and dark periods influences different physiological processes including feeding, resting and locomotor activity. Previously, several studies on mammalian models revealed a strong link between day-night rhythms and key immunological parameters. Since teleost fishes possess innate and adaptive immune responses like those observed in higher vertebrates, we aimed to elucidate how changes in light-dark cycles shape the immune system of fish. Using the rainbow trout laboratory model, we investigated the link between diurnal rhythms and immune competence of fish. Initially, the cell composition and phagocytic activity of leukocytes was analyzed in the circulation as well as in the head kidney, the functional ortholog of mammalian bone marrow. Once the baseline was established, we evaluated the ability of fish to respond to a bacterial stimulus, as well as the changes in antimicrobial activity of the serum. Our results suggest increased immune competence during the day, manifested by the higher presence of myeloid cells in the circulation; increased overall phagocytic activity; and higher capacity of the sera to inhibit the growth of Aeromonas salmonicida. Notably, our flow cytometric analysis identified the myeloid cells as the major population influenced by the time of day, whereas IgM + B cells and thrombocytes did not vary in a significant manner. Interestingly, the presence of myeloid cells in blood and head kidney followed complementary trends. Thus, while we observed the highest number of myeloid cells in the blood during early morning, we witnessed a reverse trend in the head kidney, suggesting a homing of myeloid cells to reservoir niches with the onset of the dark phase. Further, the presence of myeloid cells was mirrored in the expression of the proinflammatory marker tnfa as well as in the number of leukocytes recruited to the peritoneal cavity in the peritonitis model of inflammation. Overall, the data suggest a connection between diurnal rhythms and the immune response of rainbow trout and highlight the relevance of rhythmicity and its influence on experimental work in the field of fish chronoimmunology.

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“…A specific opportunity with high potential impact for public health is to achieve a better understanding of how the timing of immunization might influence the molecular and cellular processes underlying the establishment of protective immunity. Such research could find application in improving existing immunization programs in the elderly and, importantly, in targeting diseases deemed to be difficult targets for vaccination, such as malaria (111)(112)(113)(114).…”

Section: Workhop-identified Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfect timing: circadian rhythms, sleep, and immunity — an NIH workshop summary

et al. 2020

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Recent discoveries demonstrate a critical role for circadian rhythms and sleep in immune system homeostasis. Both innate and adaptive immune responses-ranging from leukocyte mobilization, trafficking, and chemotaxis to cytokine release and T cell differentiation-are mediated in a time of day-dependent manner. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently sponsored an interdisciplinary workshop, "Sleep Insufficiency, Circadian Misalignment, and the Immune Response," to highlight new research linking sleep and circadian biology to immune function and to identify areas of high translational potential. This Review summarizes topics discussed and highlights immediate opportunities for delineating clinically relevant connections among biological rhythms, sleep, and immune regulation. Circadian rhythms are daily variations in behavior and biological activity that stem from an intrinsic ability of organisms to align themselves with the environmental 24-hour light/dark cycle. These rhythms originate from an internal biological clock that drives many aspects of human physiology, including the sleepwake cycle and daily variations in blood pressure, body temperature, and cortisol (1). A growing body of epidemiological evidence demonstrates an association between altering circadian timing through shift work or frequent time zone travel and increased rates of cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndrome, and cancer (2-4). Clinical aspects of disease such as pain perception, asthma exacerbations, and myocardial infarctions are more common at certain times of day or night (5, 6). The discovery of the genetic basis for the circadian clock in the 1980s and 1990s has ushered in a new era in which long-appreciated circadian rhythms in physiology and clinical medicine are being reframed in terms of gene expression, metabolism, signal transduction, and cellular physiology (7). The translation of circadian discovery into strategies to improve the prevention and management of disease promises to be transformative, but at present, fundamental research is outpacing clinical application (Figure 1A). Much will depend on research identifying the critical mechanisms and targets to which circadian rhythm-based therapeutic strategies can be applied. An emerging example of exciting circadian discovery with potential clinical relevance is the intersection between circadian function and immune regulation (Figure 1B). The NIH recently sponsored a workshop entitled "Sleep Insufficiency, Circadian Misalignment, and the Immune Response" (May 16-17, 2019, Rockville, Maryland, USA). Its aim was to highlight basic and clinical advances linking sleep and circadian biology to immune dysfunction, thereby stimulating the application of circadian biology to translational medicine. The Workshop was cosponsored by four NIH institutes-the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)-reflecting a...

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Circadian rhythms in parasites

Cited by 26 publications

References 62 publications

Timing malaria transmission with mosquito fluctuations

Timing malaria transmission with mosquito fluctuations

Dawn to Dusk: Diurnal Rhythm of the Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)

Perfect timing: circadian rhythms, sleep, and immunity — an NIH workshop summary

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