Circadian cortisol dynamics across reproductive stages and in relation to breastfeeding in the Philippines

Thayer, Zaneta M.; Bechayda, Sonny Agustin; Kuzawa, Christopher W.

doi:10.1002/ajhb.23115

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Estrogen and progesterone drop suddenly after childbirth, but prolactin levels remain high, especially in breastfeeding mothers [ 1 ]. Moreover, breastfeeding further reduces estrogen and cortisol levels [ 15 , 16 ]. Changes in hormone levels lead to a strong immune tolerance during pregnancy, while the immune environment shifts to a proinflammatory state at the end of pregnancy and postpartum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with myasthenia gravis after postpartum: a case report

Zhang

Ding

et al. 2021

J Med Case Reports

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Background Autoimmune diseases refers to a class of diseases involving abnormal immune response of human body and tissue damage caused by the dysregulation of autoimmune balance or destruction of immune tolerance. Recent research has revealed that the occurrence of autoimmune diseases is influenced by genetic, hormonal, immunological, and environmental factors. As sex hormone levels change obviously during pregnancy and postpartum, the morbidity and recurrence rate of autoimmune diseases increase during this period. Case presentation A 31-year-old Asian woman was admitted to our hospital for myasthenia gravis and treated with methylprednisolone and pyridostigmine bromide 3 months postpartum. Physical examination and laboratory inspection after admission suggested that the patient had primary biliary cirrhosis. Subsequently, azathioprine was added to the treatment, and the symptoms of both diseases were successfully controlled. Conclusions This case exhibits a rare condition of myasthenia gravis combined with primary biliary cirrhosis postpartum. Given the fluctuation of the immune status during the postpartum period, combined autoimmune diseases need to be taken into account when patients develop clinical symptoms of an autoimmune disease. Therefore, detailed physical and laboratory examination can help to prevent the missed diagnosis of these diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with myasthenia gravis after postpartum: a case report

Zhang

Ding

et al. 2021

J Med Case Reports

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“…This difference can be observed in terms of cortisol value and the time course of hormone secretion after stress (Kudielka, Hellhammer, & Wist, ). Thayer, Agustin, and Kuzawa (), found in their study that the cortisol levels among women in the last trimester of pregnancy were significantly higher but these levels in the breastfeeding period were lower than the levels before the pregnancy. The difference in terms of cortisol values in the studies was thought to be caused by the time when the cortisol samples were taken from the study group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The effect of pain, stress, and cortisol during labor on breastfeeding success

Karakoyunlu¹,

Apay

Gürol

2019

Developmental Psychobiology

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The aim of the study is to identify and compare the effect of pain, stress, and cortisol level during labor on breastfeeding success. The study was conducted with 51 pregnant women in the delivery room of Nenehatun Maternity Hospital between 15 August and 30 December 2016. The data were collected using the personal information form, visual analog scale (VAS), verbal category scale (VCS), perceived stress scale (PSS) and Breastfeeding Diagnostic and Assessment Scale (LATCH). It was determined that the total mean score of the mothers for the LATCH breastfeeding success scale was 6.56 ± 1.64, the perceived stress scale total mean score was 48.13 ± 4.09 in their active phase, and the perceived stress scale total mean score was 41.41 ± 5.78 in their postpartum period. A negative moderate significant correlation was observed between the LATCH breastfeeding success scale mean scores and the cortisol levels in the active phase and postpartum period. It was found that the LATCH had a significant correlation with the perceived stress and cortisol in the postpartum period. It was determined that the mothers had more stress in the active phase and this stress affected negatively the lactation and sucking behavior of the infant.

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“…This study demonstrates promising protection from exclusive breastfeeding in a stressful environment. Another study in 741 women found consistently lower cortisol levels at wake and at night in breastfeeding women compared to non-breastfeeding or nulliparous women up to 1 year after delivery [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Cortisol, Prolactin, and Breastmilk Volume; A Promising Pattern for Reducing Postpartum Depression

Syam¹,

Qasim

Iskandar

et al. 2022

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Research shows postnatal depression and shorter breastfeeding are consistently related, but their causal effect remains debatable. To reduce the impact of mental disorders in the perinatal period, lactation may give a significant neuroendocrine effect. AIM: This study aimed to examine hormonal patterns and estimated breastmilk volume of mothers with depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted during the three-trimester to 6-week postnatal period. It involved 60 pregnant women from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to compare and review fluctuations and effect sizes of cortisol, prolactin, and breastmilk volume of mothers with depression symptoms. RESULTS: The mean cortisol levels rose in the 4th week and decreased in the 6th week in both groups. There was no substantial difference in the cortisol levels between these periods (p = 0.534; p = 0.553; and p = 0.660), but the prolactin levels continuously increased by 2 weeks and substantially progressed in the 4th and 6th weeks (p < 0.028, p < 0.009), respectively. There was no positive association between cortisol and prolactin levels (p = 0.384). The breastmilk volume was higher every week only in mothers without depression and it slightly decreased in other categories. This study emphasized the prolactin’s protective effect size on a stressful environment characterized by high cortisol; a significant rise in prolactin levels occurred in the 2nd and 4th weeks of postnatal, marking the higher lactation. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding hormones may provide protection against postpartum depression in moms. It is critical to establish a history of prior trauma in nursing mothers in order to facilitate diagnosis and proper care.

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Circadian cortisol dynamics across reproductive stages and in relation to breastfeeding in the Philippines

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with myasthenia gravis after postpartum: a case report

Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with myasthenia gravis after postpartum: a case report

The effect of pain, stress, and cortisol during labor on breastfeeding success

Cortisol, Prolactin, and Breastmilk Volume; A Promising Pattern for Reducing Postpartum Depression

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