The chairman of the National Commission for Child Protection stated that Indonesia had entered a National emergency. The data (KPAI) in 2015, the category of children dealing with case law keeps the first cases sequence of sexual violence against children (rape, sexual abuse, sodomy / pedophilia) and so on as much as 18% or 193 cases. Based on the report of the Empowerment of Women and Children and the report from the POLRES Soppeng, the researcher obtained data on sexual violence in children and adolescents, which increased from the previous year. Sexual violence in 2015 was 8 cases while in 2016 there was 15 cases of children with sexual violence. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the application of sex education (underwear rules) on the prevention of sexual violence in children and parents in Public Elementary School 52 Welonge in Soppeng Regency. This research used a Quasi Experimental research design with a pre-post test design approach. This research was carried out at Public Elementary School 52 Welonge in Soppeng regency in July-September 2018. The population in this study were all the students of Public Elementary School 52 Welonge as many as 122 students in the 2016/2016 academic year based on the population, as many as 87 respondents were taken from students and 87 from parents. Data collection used questionnaire. Based on the results of statistical test there is the influence of sex education (underwear rules) on the prevention of sexual violence in children and parents, the result of child prevention (p = 0.002, smaller than the value of α = 0.05) and the result of prevention of parental values (p = 0.003, smaller than the value of α = 0.05). So it can be concluded that there is an effect of the application of sex education (underwear rules) on the prevention of sexual violence in children and parents in Public Elementary School Welonge 52 in Soppeng Regency.
Malaria is a serious global health challenge, which is responsible for more than one million deaths a year. Malarial infection is more prevalent in developing countries including Pakistan. Significant efforts have been made to control malaria; however, due to socioenvironmental factors, it remains a frequent problem in Quetta. The present study was undertaken to determine the malarial incidence, species prevalence, and its demographic evaluation in human population of Quetta, Pakistan. A total of 1831 subjects, comprising 1072 male and 759 female presenting symptoms of malaria, were included in this study. Blood samples from clinically suspected individuals were subjected to the standard immunochromatographic and malaria parasite smear analysis for malaria diagnosis. Out of 1831 subjects, 338 (18.45%) patients were positive for malarial parasite while the species prevalence was found as 276 (81.66%) and 62 (18.34%) for Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium falciparum, respectively. Furthermore, seasonal variations gradual increase in the prevalence rate. The age group of 21-30 years (30.47%) was found more prone to malaria. The suspected malaria cases were found more frequent in rural (72.1%) as compared to urban (27.9%). In addition, the malaria burden was high in urban area (22.89%) population as compared to the rural area (16.74%) population. It was observed that the highest disease occurrence was caused by P. vivax, which reflects a serious threat for public health. The current findings will be helpful to plan effective strategies to prevent and control malaria in this area.
Objectives We intend to investigate the feasibility of using repaglinide as initial therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus naive to the oral anti-hyperglycemic agents by validating the effects of repaglinide on glycemic control (HbA1c) in comparison with metformin monotherapy. Methodology This parallel-controlled, randomized study was carried at the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Two-hundred patients of both genders with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. After taking relevant history and physical examination, we drew venous blood samples of each patient and sent them to the institutional laboratory for analysis of fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, HbA1c, and lipid profile. We divided the patients into two subgroups based on the lottery method. Group A was prescribed metformin, and group B was prescribed repaglinide, while the dosages were adjusted according to the blood sugar levels. All data were analyzed using SPSS Software 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). We reported the data as means along with the standard error. Results All patients completed the study. There was a decline in fasting blood glucose levels after three months of therapy, both in the metformin (135 mg/dl ± 6 mg/dl versus 115 mg/dl ± 7 mg/dl, p < 0.01) and repaglinide groups (145 ± 6 mg/dl versus 122 ± 6 mg/dl, p < 0.01). Similarly, significant reductions in HbA1c were seen in both metformin (7.12 ± 0.15% versus 6.67 ± 0.06%, p < 0.01) and repaglinide treatment groups (7.83 ± 0.67% versus 6.81 ± 0.07%, p < 0.01). After three months of treatment, body mass index (BMI) was significantly decreased in the metformin group (26.87±1.1 kg/m 2 versus 25.11 ± 0.44 kg/m 2 , p < 0.05). However, the patients in repaglinide group demonstrated a very slight decrease in BMI (27.11 ± 1.6 kg/m 2 versus 26.47 ± 0.40 kg/m 2 ). On follow-up, we found a significant decrease in triglyceride levels in both groups (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05. respectively). We also found that only the patients in metformin group showed some improvements in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our study concluded that both metformin and repaglinide have similar anti-hyperglycemic effects. Repaglinide can be prescribed as an alternative drug to metformin in patients with new-onset diabetes mellitus.
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