Circadian Control of the Pupillary Light Responses in an Avian Model of Blindness, the GUCY1* Chickens

Valdez, Diego J.; Nieto, Paula; Costa, Natalia S. Della; Schürrer, Clemar; Guido, Mario E.

doi:10.1167/iovs.14-15481

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Similarly to human melanopsin, which has a peak absorption at 479 nm, 48 also chicken melanopsins have a peak absorption at 476 to 484 nm 49 or 475 nm. 50 Interestingly, in our study prominent effects of UV lighting at 375 nm were found. Since the UV LEDs did not have energy above 400 nm, they should not have stimulated melanopsin, in particular because the brightness in UV was reduced to match the spectral sensitivity function of the chickens.…”

Section: Role Of Melanopsin Signaling In the Blue Light-triggered Chasupporting

confidence: 44%

Effects of Light of Different Spectral Composition on Refractive Development and Retinal Dopamine in Chicks

Wang

Schaeffel

Jiang

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Red, blue, and UV lighting all stimulated the release of retinal DA, but there were wavelength-dependent differences in DA release and metabolism. Less deprivation myopia developed in UV and blue lighting, compared to white and red light. The application of these findings to humans is limited by the fact that, different from chicks, humans have very low sensitivity in the near-UV region of the spectrum.

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Section: Role Of Melanopsin Signaling In the Blue Light-triggered Chasupporting

confidence: 44%

Effects of Light of Different Spectral Composition on Refractive Development and Retinal Dopamine in Chicks

Wang

Schaeffel

Jiang

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…For these reasons, we will henceforth term the part of avian SCN controlling ChBF the vSCN. Given that melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells in birds drive the pupil light reflex, as they do in mammals, presumably by a projection to the area pretectalis (Verra et al, 2011; Valdez et al, 2015; Diaz et al, 2016), it seems likely that the visual drive to vSCN in birds (like that to mammalian SCN) also derives from intrinsically photosensitive melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells. The anatomy of the vSCN-EWM-Ciliary Ganglion circuit clearly suggests that it might be involved in the light-regulated control of ChBF, and in studies described below we have shown this is the case.…”

Section: Oculomotor Nucleus Parasympathetic Input To Choroidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural control of choroidal blood flow

Reiner

Fitzgerald

Mar

et al. 2018

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

152

128

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The choroid is richly innervated by parasympathetic, sympathetic and trigeminal sensory nerve fibers that regulate choroidal blood flow in birds and mammals, and presumably other vertebrate classes as well. The parasympathetic innervation has been shown to vasodilate and increase choroidal blood flow, the sympathetic input has been shown to vasoconstrict and decrease choroidal blood flow, and the sensory input has been shown to both convey pain and thermal information centrally and act locally to vasodilate and increase choroidal blood flow. As the choroid lies behind the retina and cannot respond readily to retinal metabolic signals, its innervation is important for adjustments in flow required by either retinal activity, by fluctuations in the systemic blood pressure driving choroidal perfusion, and possibly by retinal temperature. The former two appear to be mediated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, via central circuits responsive to retinal activity and systemic blood pressure, but adjustments for ocular perfusion pressure also appear to be influenced by local autoregulatory myogenic mechanisms. Adaptive choroidal responses to temperature may be mediated by trigeminal sensory fibers. Impairments in the neural control of choroidal blood flow occur with aging, and various ocular or systemic diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), hypertension, and diabetes, and may contribute to retinal pathology and dysfunction in these conditions, or in the case of AMD be a precondition. The present manuscript reviews findings in birds and mammals that contribute to the above-summarized understanding of the roles of the autonomic and sensory innervation of the choroid in controlling choroidal blood flow, and in the importance of such regulation for maintaining retinal health.

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“…Respiration (Ohtsuka et al, 1988) and heart rate (Calcagnini et al, 2001) can also influence pupil size. Finally, the pupils of at least mice, humans and birds are subject to the influence of endogenous circadian clocks, and are thus influenced by the time of day (Owens et al, 2012;Münch et al, 2012;Valdez et al, 2015;Bonmati-Carrion et al, 2016).…”

Section: Rhythmic Changes In Pupil Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

The pupillary light responses of animals; a review of their distribution, dynamics, mechanisms and functions

Douglas

2018

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

103

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The timecourse and extent of changes in pupil area in response to light are reviewed in all classes of vertebrate and cephalopods. Although the speed and extent of these responses vary, most species, except the majority of teleost fish, show extensive changes in pupil area related to light exposure. The neuromuscular pathways underlying light-evoked pupil constriction are described and found to be relatively conserved, although the precise autonomic mechanisms differ somewhat between species. In mammals, illumination of only one eye is known to cause constriction in the unilluminated pupil. Such consensual responses occur widely in other animals too, and their function and relation to decussation of the visual pathway is considered. Intrinsic photosensitivity of the iris muscles has long been known in amphibia, but is in fact widespread in other animals. The functions of changes in pupil area are considered. In the majority of species, changes in pupil area serve to balance the conflicting demands of high spatial acuity and increased sensitivity in different light levels. In the few teleosts in which pupil movements occur they do not serve a visual function but play a role in camouflaging the eye of bottom-dwelling species. The occurrence and functions of the light-independent changes in pupil size displayed by many animals are also considered. Finally, the significance of the variations in pupil shape, ranging from circular to various orientations of slits, ovals, and other shapes, is discussed.

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Circadian Control of the Pupillary Light Responses in an Avian Model of Blindness, the GUCY1* Chickens

Abstract: Our observations clearly point to circadian control of PLRs even in blindness, strongly indicating that both the entry of light into the eyes and its quality are differentially regulated during the day in diurnal animals.

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of Light of Different Spectral Composition on Refractive Development and Retinal Dopamine in Chicks

Effects of Light of Different Spectral Composition on Refractive Development and Retinal Dopamine in Chicks

Neural control of choroidal blood flow

The pupillary light responses of animals; a review of their distribution, dynamics, mechanisms and functions

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