Ciprofloxacin vs. temperature: Antibiotic toxicity in the free-floating liverwort Ricciocarpus natans from a climate change perspective

The Role of H2O2-Scavenging Enzymes (Ascorbate Peroxidase and Catalase) in the Tolerance of Lemna minor to Antibiotics: Implications for Phytoremediation

“…Moreover, previous studies have related the APX and/or CAT activity with AMX, ERY, and CIP tolerance in L. minor [ 20 , 21 ]. Moreover, previous studies have related the APX and/or CAT activity with AMX, ERY, and CIP tolerance in L. minor plants [ 5 , 7 , 9 ]. In addition to the antibiotics alone, the plants were also exposed to combined concentrations of antibiotics and antioxidant-enzyme inhibitors (previously determined).…”

“…The use of plants to reclaim antibiotics has emerged as a green technology in light of the inefficiency of physicochemical processes for removing antibiotics from the environment [ 5 ]. In this context, aquatic macrophytes have demonstrated positive performances in phytoremediation programs [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], although their use is still limited by their tolerance to those contaminants. The elucidation of the complex mechanisms involved in plant tolerance to antibiotics could, therefore, contribute to the identification of suitable phytoremediator species, as well as improve their phytoremediation capacities [ 5 ].…”

“…Although plants are not the primary target of antibiotics, exposure to those xenobiotics can disrupt plant metabolism, with oxidative events (mainly hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production) frequently being observed [ 3 , 5 , 8 ]. Among H 2 O 2 -scavenging enzymes, heme containing catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) are particularly responsive in plants exposed to antibiotics when compared to heme secretory peroxidases and (non-heme) glutathione peroxidase [ 7 ]. Therefore, studies focused on APX and CAT activity in plants under antibiotic-derived stress conditions have raised particular interest [ 5 ].…”

“…Increased CAT activity, with no increase in lipid peroxidation, was similarly observed in L. minor plants exposed to ciprofloxacin (CIP; 0.195 mg L −1 ) [ 11 ]. In contrast, the exposure of L. minor [ 8 ] and Ricciocarpus natans plants [ 7 ] to 1.05–3.05 mg CIP l −1 decreased their APX activity, increased H 2 O 2 concentrations, and provoked phytotoxicity symptoms. It, therefore, appears that specific H 2 O 2 -scavenging enzymes (mainly APX and CAT) are involved in plant tolerance to antibiotics.…”

Toxicity assessment and microbial response to soil antibiotic exposure: differences between individual and mixed antibiotics

“…The cytotoxic effects of antibiotics were observed on other targeted organisms, e.g., algae, 61,62 aquatic life 63 and plants. 64 The antimicrobial activity of antibiotics on microorganisms was also investigated, e.g., Vibrio scheri bioluminescent bacterium 65 and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, 66 and the minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotics on microorganisms was at a similar order of magnitude ($several tens of mM).…”