Ciprofloxacin surf-plexes in sub-micron emulsions: A novel approach to improve payload efficiency and antimicrobial efficacy

Nanoengineered Drug Delivery Systems for Enhancing Antibiotic Therapy

“…The formulated amoxicillin NE showed controlled release and localization at intracellular spaces and in the cell cytoplasm to the site of H. pylori infections, with a significant increase in the growth inhibition . An oil‐in‐water submicron emulsion, with globule size of 278 ± 12 nm and prepared by incorporating hydrophobic ion‐pair complexes of ciprofloxacin with sodium deoxycholate in the core, showed high entrapment efficiency, noncytotoxicity to J774 macrophage cells, and enhancement in antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli , S. aureus , and P. aeruginosa in vitro . Studies so far have focused on the role of NEs to enhance antibiotic activity, indicating that their applications as a delivery system to site‐specific delivery, sustained, and prolonged release could be further exploited.…”

“…248 An oil-in-water submicron emulsion, with globule size of 278 ± 12 nm and prepared by incorporating hydrophobic ion-pair complexes of ciproßoxacin with sodium deoxycholate in the core, showed high entrapment efÞciency, noncytotoxicity to J774 macrophage cells, and enhancement in antimicrobial efÞcacy against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa in vitro. 249 Studies so far have focused on the role of NEs to enhance antibiotic activity, indicating that their applications as a delivery system to site-speciÞc delivery, sustained, and prolonged release could be further exploited. Besides these, NEs that have been formulated using different oils and are devoid of any antibiotic drug have also been found to be effective antibacterials, for example, peppermint oil NE, 250 cinnamon oil NE, 245 eucalyptus oil NE.…”

Hydrophobic ion pairing: encapsulating small molecules, peptides, and proteins into nanocarriers

“…Many researchers have noted that when pre-forming at drug : surfactant charge ratios above 1 : 1, excess surfactants form micelles. 50,[85][86][87][88] A solution that is cloudy and has visible precipitates at a 1 : 1 charge ratio may become clear when more surfactant is added, indicating the presence of micelles that solubilize the hydrophobic complex. When the log P of these micelle-loaded complexes is measured, it is unsurprisingly lower than the complex alone.…”

“…Screening multiple drug : counterion molar ratios is a straightforward series of experiments to perform. By doing so, researchers have measured how a number of important parameters vary with charge ratio: complexation efficiency, 18,51,57,[86][87][88][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] complex log P 50,98-100 and zeta potential, 93,101,102 drug encapsulation efficiency, 30 and even droplet size in a SEDDS (self-emulsifying drug delivery system). 94 Complexation efficiency in water is typically measured by centrifuging precipitated complexes and measuring the amount of free drug in the supernatant.…”

Chlorhexidine/losartan ionic pair binding and its nanoprecipitation: physico-chemical characterisation and antimicrobial activity

“…Interest in HIPs has been increasing in the field of drug delivery as they transform hydrophilic molecules and ions into lipophilic structures resulting in the formation of supramolecular species (6)(7)(8)(9). The formation of HIPs results in shielding of ionic charges from solvents and alteration of properties such as solubility (1,3), extraction coefficients (3,10,11) and stability (1,11).…”