Ciprofloxacin increased abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and shaped microbial community in epiphytic biofilm on Vallisneria spiralis in mesocosmic wetland

A Literature Review of Wetland Treatment Systems Used to Treat Runoff Mixtures Containing Antibiotics and Pesticides from Urban and Agricultural Landscapes

“…Only one study in 2020 considered a runoff mixture containing antibiotics, nutrients, pesticides, and other pharmaceuticals [103]. Of these studies that looked at mixtures, only 16 specifically analyzed the impact on nitrogen removal in the presence of different contaminants [23,30,58,59,67,97,102,103,[112][113][114]120,131,169,179,181,201]. Thus, the data shows that only recently have some of these contaminants started to be studied individually, in the case of antibiotics, but also as mixtures.…”

“…The increased microbial activity enhanced the removal capabilities for CUPS and antibiotics [59,60], with microbial degradation being a leading mechanism for removal [194]. However, the microbial communities were impacted by the substrate [59,194], the type and concentration of contaminants present [58,114,179], and the physicochemical properties of the water [179]. In particular, Lu et al (2021) reported the presence of sulfamethoxazole improved interactions for denitrifying bacteria, but also decreased network complexity and microbial interaction on the whole molecular network, thus altering the community structure of nitrogen-transforming microorganisms [114].…”

“…The location of the wetlands for these 31 primary studies with the highest removal efficiencies of TN and NO 3 -N occurred in the United States [67,99], while the highest removal efficiencies of NH 4 -N and pesticides occurred in the United States and Greece [77,99,218]. In contrast, the highest efficiencies of antibiotic removal occurred in China [58]. However, the variation in removal efficiencies reported throughout the primary studies was likely due to the wide range of CUPS and antibiotics studied, the type of wetland systems (e.g., scale, wetland type, plant type), and the climatic conditions of the wetland analyzed.…”

“…Several primary studies reported the impact of CUPs' and antibiotics' presence on nitrogen removal efficiencies. Of these, seven studies reported that the specific contaminant analyzed decreased nitrogen removal [30,58,67,113,114,169]. The impact of CUPS and antibiotics on nutrient removal was mainly attributed to a decline in the microbial communities responsible for nutrient metabolism and degradation [30,114,131,169], where the presence of plants and type of plant species [23,102,120,201], saturated vs. unsaturated conditions [120,201], weather conditions [201], and timing [48,169] also played a role in N removal in the presence of CUPS or antibiotics.…”

Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles Genotoxicity in Hermetia illucens Using Comet Assay

“…So, the potential genotoxicity of AgNPs contact application should be monitored. The ability of organisms to monitor the effect of releasing AgNPs into environment, the remediated ability of using fate, transport, or final disposal of nanoparticles, and the potential considered as environmental stressor were slightly studied (Ohore et al, 2021). Especially, insects are common in terrestrial ecosystems such as flies, and grasshoppers can be used as a sensitive assessment tool to stressor (Abdelfattah et al, 2017).…”