Sociohydrology is a recent effort to integrate coupled human-water systems to understand the dynamics and co-evolution of the system in a holistic sense. However, due to the complexity and uncertainty involved in coupled human-water systems, the feedbacks and interactions are inherently difficult to model. Part of this complexity is due to the multi-scale nature across space and time at which different hydrologic and social processes occur and the varying scale at which data is available. This systematic review seeks to comprehensively collect those documents that conduct analysis within the sociohydrology framework to quantify the spatial-temporal scale(s) and the types of variables and datasets that were used. Overall, a majority of sociohydrology studies reviewed were primarily published in hydrological journals and contain more established hydrological, rather than social, models. The spatial extents varied by political and natural boundaries with the most common being cities and watersheds. Temporal extents also varied from event-based to millennial timescales where decadal and yearly were the most common. In addition to this, current limitations of sociohydrology research, notably the absence of an interdisciplinary unity, future directions, and implications for scholars doing sociohydrology are discussed.
Wetland treatment systems are used extensively across the world to mitigate surface runoff. While wetland treatment for nitrogen mitigation has been comprehensively reviewed, the implications of common-use pesticides and antibiotics on nitrogen reduction remain relatively unreviewed. Therefore, this review seeks to comprehensively assess the removal of commonly used pesticides and antibiotics and their implications for nitrogen removal in wetland treatment systems receiving non-point source runoff from urban and agricultural landscapes. A total of 181 primary studies were identified spanning 37 countries. Most of the reviewed publications studied pesticides (n = 153) entering wetlands systems, while antibiotics (n = 29) had fewer publications. Even fewer publications reviewed the impact of influent mixtures on nitrogen removal processes in wetlands (n = 16). Removal efficiencies for antibiotics (35–100%), pesticides (−619–100%), and nitrate-nitrogen (−113–100%) varied widely across the studies, with pesticides and antibiotics impacting microbial communities, the presence and type of vegetation, timing, and hydrology in wetland ecosystems. However, implications for the nitrogen cycle were dependent on the specific emerging contaminant present. A significant knowledge gap remains in how wetland treatment systems are used to treat non-point source mixtures that contain nutrients, pesticides, and antibiotics, resulting in an unknown regarding nitrogen removal efficiency as runoff contaminant mixtures evolve.
<p>Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are becoming a major source of water impairment throughout the world. Land use practices within urban and rural areas have shown to be sources of CECs. Contaminants enter the environment through direct application or waste disposal with runoff and soil leaching depositing CECs into streams and lakes. Therefore, this study sought to characterize the nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides, human pharmaceuticals, and personal care products appearing in streams across varying Kentucky landscapes. Field sampling included using both Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers and water grab samples from March-October 2022 at four stream sites in an oil and gas, urban, mining, and agricultural regions of the Commonwealth. Preliminary results exhibited occurrence of contaminants varied by location, season, and flood conditions. The urban site resulted in the highest concentrations of chloride, nitrate-N, caffeine, and cotinine (by-product of Nicotine), particularly in the spring months. The watershed with the most active mines showed the highest concentrations of strontium along with significantly larger concentrations of sulfate that were above the ecotoxicology limits (200 mg/L) and EPA secondary drinking water standards (250 mg/L). The watershed associated with the most oil and gas wells showed the highest concentrations of barium. This site also showed higher concentrations of human pharmaceuticals (e.g., Carbamazepine, Codeine, Diltiazem, Diphenhydramine, Fluoxetine), likely a result of an older wastewater infrastructure and straight-pipes that discharged untreated water into the sampled stream. Finally, the agricultural site showed the highest concentrations of aluminum, iron, and lead and had higher sediment loads during flood events in the spring months, which likely resulted in the concentrations of these three metals being above the chronic criteria for aquatic organisms. Additionally, the agricultural site had the highest concentrations of both lincomycin and sulfonamide, common antibiotics used to treat livestock. This study is the necessary first step in reaching the UN&#8217;s Sustainable Development Goals by developing a comprehensive understanding of land use impacts on contaminant presence and concentration in surface waters. Further, findings from this project will be incorporated into the design and placement of best management practices to limit the impact of CECs.</p>
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