Ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, and aminoglycosides stimulate genetic and phenotypic changes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains

Adamus-Białek, Wioletta; Wawszczak, Monika; Arabski, Michał; Majchrzak, Michał; Gulba, Martyna; Jarych, Dariusz; Parniewski, Paweł; Głuszek, Stanisław

doi:10.1080/21505594.2019.1596507

Cited by 29 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Other genes included those determining the mannose-resistant Proteus-like adhesion (mrpA), P. mirabilis fimbriae (pmfA), and uroepithelial cell adhesion (uca), playing a crucial role in catheter-associated biofilm formation and urinary tract colonization (Nielubowicz and Mobley, 2010;Jacobsen and Shirtliff, 2011;Armbruster and Mobley, 2012). All the examined P. mirabilis strains carried all the virulence genes addressed, which is consistent with other reports (Sosa et al, 2006;Armbruster et al, 2018) but is in opposition to our previous observation concerning virulence genes in uropathogenic E. coli (Adamus-Białek et al, 2019). It might be associated with the different pathogenicity mechanisms of these two related species, where the pathogenicity of P. mirabilis is based rather on the variable expression of these genes and not their mere presence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Pathogenic Factors Correlate With Antimicrobial Resistance Among Clinical Proteus mirabilis Strains

et al. 2020

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Proteus mirabilis is the third most common etiological factor of urinary tract infection. It produces urease, which contributes to the formation of a crystalline biofilm, considered to be one of the most important virulence factors of P. mirabilis strains, along with their ability to swarm on a solid surface. The aim of this study was to analyze the pathogenic properties of two selected groups of clinical P. mirabilis isolates, antimicrobial susceptible and multidrug resistant (MDR), collected from hospitals in different regions in Poland. The strains were examined based on virulence gene profiles, urease and hemolysin production, biofilm formation, and swarming properties. Additionally, the strains were characterized based on the Dienes test and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. It turned out that the MDR strains exhibited kinship more often than the susceptible ones. The strains which were able to form a stronger biofilm had broader antimicrobial resistance profiles. It was also found that the strongest swarming motility correlated with susceptibility to most antibiotics. The correlations described in this work encourage further investigation of the mechanisms of pathogenicity of P. mirabilis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Pathogenic Factors Correlate With Antimicrobial Resistance Among Clinical Proteus mirabilis Strains

et al. 2020

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“…33 Other studies showed that sublethal concentrations of amoxicillin are involved in increased antibiotic resistance, induction of biofilm formation, and adhesion of uropathogens to the bladder epithelial lining. 33,34 Moreover, it has also been shown that patients who have received antibiotics prior to onset of sepsis were less responsive to antibiotic therapy. 35 Besides active biofilm formation of UPEC strains encode an array of virulence factors such as fimbriae, surface hydrophobicity, serum resistance, gelatinase, and toxins, which contributes to its effective colonization, increased persistence, and pathogenesis of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vitro Investigation of Antibiotics Efficacy Against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Biofilms and Antibiotic Induced Biofilm Formation at Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Ciprofloxacin

Rafaque¹,

Abid²,

Liaqat³

et al. 2020

IDR

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Background: Community-acquired urinary tract infections are associated with significant morbidity, and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) alone causes 90% of urinary tract infections. This bacterium retains a diverse armament of virulence factors including fimbria, hemolysins, and siderophores production. In a post invasion scenario, formation of intracellular communities mimic biofilm-like characteristics and are linked to recurrent urinary tract infections. We investigated the effects of different frontline antibiotics on the formation, inhibition, and eradication of biofilms of virulent UPEC strains. Materials and Methods: A total of 155 UPEC strains were scrutinized for various virulence factors including gelatinase, cell surface hydrophobicity, hemagglutination, and serum bactericidal activity. Biofilm formation was confirmed by three different methods: Congo red agar, test tube, and tissue culture plate method. Biofilm inhibition and eradication assays were performed according to the standard protocols. Topographical analysis of biofilms was done by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Results: Out of 155 strains, 113 (73%) were strong biofilm formesr, while 37 (24%) produced biofilms at moderate level. Significant differences were observed between MICs of planktonic cells (MIC-p) and MICs of UPEC biofilms (MIC-b). Among tested frontline antibiotics, levofloxacin successfully inhibited biofilms at a concentration of 32 µg/mL, while trimethoprim eradicated biofilms at higher concentrations (512-1024 µg/mL). Ciprofloxacin treatment at sub-MIC level significantly enhanced biofilm formation (P<0.05). Conclusion: The majority of UPEC strains are strong biofilm formers and show higher tolerance towards frontline antibiotics in biofilm form. We observed significant inhibitory effects of levofloxacin (32 µg/mL) on UPEC biofilms, while treatment with sub-minimal concentrations of ciprofloxacin significantly enhanced biofilm formation. Out of all tested antibiotics, trimethoprim (512-1024 µg/mL) eradicated UPEC biofilms.

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“…Antibiotics can stimulate the mechanisms of adaptation to unfavorable condition. In the previous study we observed how the antibiotics changed the genetic virulence profiles of uropathogenic E. coli strains [31]. In case of P. mirabilis a similar phenomenon is also possible but in different features like communication and compromises between P. mirabilis strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Nevertheless, they underline the often observed poor expression and downregulation of virulence genes. The P. mirabilis chromosome is strongly conservative and the location of the analyzed genes seems to be more stable [1] compared to E. coli [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Planktonic persisters are cleared by the host immune response, while biofilm persisters are shielded from host defense [57] and may cause a relapse of infection. Previously we observed that amoxicillin increased the biofilm formation in E. coli [31], possibly due to cell wall modifications and induced bacterial stress. It should be underlined that in this study we did not experimentally address changes of antibiotic tolerance during biofilm formation in real time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation of pathogenic factors with antimicrobial resistance of clinical Proteus mirabilis strains

Filipiak

Chrapek

Literacka

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Proteus mirabilis is the third most common etiological factor of the urinary tract infection (UTI). It produces urease, which contributes to the formation of crystalline biofilm, considered to be one of the most important virulence factors of P. mirabilis strains, along with their ability to swarm on a solid surface. The aim of this study was to analyze the pathogenic properties of two selected groups of clinical P. mirabilis isolates, antimicrobial-susceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR), collected from hospitals in different regions in Poland. The strains were examined based on virulence gene profiles, urease and hemolysin production, biofilm formation, and swarming properties. Additionally, the strains were differentiated based on the Dienes test and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. It turned out that the MDR strains exhibited kinship more often than susceptible ones. The strains which were able to form stronger biofilm had broader antimicrobial resistance profiles. It was also found that the strongest swarming motility correlated with susceptibility to most antibiotics. The correlations described in this work encourage further investigation of the mechanisms of pathogenicity of P. mirabilis.Author summaryProteus mirabilis is widely widespread in environment but also it is responsible for most Proteus infections, especially in human urinary tracts. They cause complicated, persistent infections especially due to the ability to form urinary stones. The clinical importance of P. mirabilis have been described in the literature many times. However, the role of pathogenic features with correlation to drug resistance require further investigation. In this research we analyzed thee virulence factors in relation to drug resistance of clinical P. mirabilis strains isolated from urine. The virulence genes, ureolytic and hemolytic activity, biofilm formation, swarming growth and strains kindship were analyzed. The most important observation was that the strains exhibited a stronger territorialism were kindred to a lower number of other strains, formed weaker biofilm and exhibited a lower resistance to antibiotics. Furthermore, we proved that the strains which were more likely to mutual growth, they were also less similar in the drug resistance profile but exhibited a higher resistance to antibiotics, which can be beneficial for different bacteria living together. We believe that P. mirabilis with strong territorialism can represent a wild group of strains with poor experience of antibiotic pressure. The environmental influence (toxins, antibiotics, bacterial neighbors) stimulates the development of a less dispersed community with stronger biofilm, exchange of genes and increase of resistance to antibiotics.

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Ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, and aminoglycosides stimulate genetic and phenotypic changes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains

Cited by 29 publications

References 100 publications

Pathogenic Factors Correlate With Antimicrobial Resistance Among Clinical Proteus mirabilis Strains

Pathogenic Factors Correlate With Antimicrobial Resistance Among Clinical Proteus mirabilis Strains

<p>In-vitro Investigation of Antibiotics Efficacy Against Uropathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> Biofilms and Antibiotic Induced Biofilm Formation at Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Ciprofloxacin</p>

Correlation of pathogenic factors with antimicrobial resistance of clinical Proteus mirabilis strains

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