Cingulate sulcus morphology and paracingulate sulcus variations: Anatomical and radiological studies

Abstract

The sulci and gyri found across the cerebrum differ in morphology between individuals. The cingulate sulcus is an important landmark for deciding the surgical approach for neighboring pathological lesions. Identifying the anatomical variations of anterior cingulate cortex morphology would help to determine the safe-entry route through neighboring lesions. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging data acquired from 149 healthy volunteers were investigated retrospectively for anatomical variations of the paracingulate sulcus. Also, human cadaveric brain hemispheres were investigated for cingulate and paracingulate sulcus anatomy. All participants had cingulate sulci in both hemispheres (n = 149, 100%). Three types of paracingulate sulcus patterns were identified: "prominent," "present," and "absent." Hemispheric comparisons indicated that the paracingulate sulcus is commonly "prominent" in the left hemisphere (n = 48, 32.21%) and more commonly "absent" in the right hemisphere (n = 73, 48.99%). Ten (6.71%) people had a prominent paracingulate sulcus in both the right and left hemispheres. Seven (4.70%) of them were male, and 3 (2.01%) of them were female. Paracingulate sulci were present in both hemispheres in 19 people (12.75%), of which 9 (6.04%) were male and 10 (6.71%) were female. There were 35 (23.49%) participants without paracingulate sulci in both hemispheres. Eleven (7.38%) were male and 24 (16.11%) were female. There were 73 (48.99%) participants without right paracingulate sulcus and 57 (38.26%) participants without left paracingulate sulcus (p = 0.019). In the examinations of the cadaver hemispheres, the paracingulate sulcus was present and prominent in 25%, and the intralimbic sulcus was present in 15%. It has been observed that the paracingulate sulcus is more prominent in the normal male brain compared to females. In females, there were more participants

A Cadaveric Study of Anatomical Variations in the Limbic System

“…al [1] and Selahi et. al [14] have examined the cingulate sulcus this is the rst study to provide quantitative measurements of this structure.…”

The Medial Frontal Cortex, Performance Monitoring, Cognitive Control, and Decision Making

“…The most consistent sulcus on the medial wall is the cingulate sulcus (CS) which delineates the cingulate gyrus (CG) forming a belt around the corpus callosum. A single uninterrupted CS is the most common anatomical variant in the pMFC (Ono et al, 1990, Paus et al, 1996, Vogt et al, 2004, Wei et al, 2017, Selahi et al, 2023. Many people, however, show a double parallel pattern where a more-or-less prominent paracingulate sulcus (PCS) forms a dorsal sulcus delineating the paracingulate gyrus (PCG) dorsal to the CG.…”

“…Many people, however, show a double parallel pattern where a more-or-less prominent paracingulate sulcus (PCS) forms a dorsal sulcus delineating the paracingulate gyrus (PCG) dorsal to the CG. The PCS is more frequent in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere; its presence, prominence and asymmetry is moreover modulated by sex and handedness (Wei et al, 2017, Amiez et al, 2018, Selahi et al, 2023. Axonal tension forces during brain development are important for the formation of gyri and sulci (Van Essen, 1997), which suggests that regional gyrification is closely related to connectivity and cytoarchitecture.…”

Structural and functional connectivity associations with anterior cingulate sulcal variability

“…1. (Paus et al 1996;Yücel et al 2001Yücel et al , 2002Le Provost et al 2003;Huster et al 2007;Leonard et al 2009;Wei et al 2017;Amiez et al 2018, Selahi et al 2022. Whilst reported frequencies vary PCS are present Oskar Hansson and Alexander F. Santillo contributed equally to this work.…”