Cinematographical Analysis of Movement Pathway Constraints in Rapid Target-Striking Tasks

Short, Martin W.; Fischman, Mark G.; Wang, Yong Tai

doi:10.1080/00222895.1996.9941742

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Movement time of the first segment was longer when the target size of the second was reduced (Adam et al 1995;Sidaway et al 1995;Short et al 1996), this finding is in agreement with our results. Sidaway et al (1995) demonstrated that spatial dispersion of movement endpoints around the first target was reduced when the target size of the second movement of the two-segment movement was decreased, thereby increasing the accuracy demand.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Sidaway et al (1995) demonstrated that spatial dispersion of movement endpoints around the first target was reduced when the target size of the second movement of the two-segment movement was decreased, thereby increasing the accuracy demand. Using a similar target size manipulation, Short et al (1996) reported that the movement pathway of the first segment contained less horizontal deviation and higher peak vertical displacement than when the movements were made to larger targets in the second segment. These latter two experiments suggest that the accuracy constraint of the second movement influences how the first segment is prepared and executed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of movement segment difficulty on movements with two-stroke sequence

et al. 1997

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Arm movements in the horizontal plane consisting of two segments were examined to determine whether the difficulty of the second segment influenced the kinematic characteristics of the first segment. The direction of the first segment was an elbow extension movement away from the trunk and remained constant throughout the experiment. The direction of the second segment varied between forearm extension and flexion movements. Based on Fitts' law, two different indexes of difficulty (ID) of the second segment were utilized by changing target size and movement amplitude. The effects of changing ID were examined for two different movement amplitudes. All movements were single-joint movements employing elbow flexion/extension and were recorded by an x-y digitizer. Variations in the ID of the second segment produced context-dependent kinematic changes in the performance of the initial segment. Movement duration increased when the ID was increased by reducing target size for both extension-extension sequence and extension-flexion sequences. Peak velocity also decreased for higher ID targets in the extension-flexion sequence. However, there was an interaction between the ID and movement amplitude in the extension-flexion sequence. In this sequence the duration of movement for the high ID/large movement amplitude condition increased substantially compared with the low ID/small movement amplitude condition. In addition, changing ID of the second segment influenced the time between the two segments (intersegment interval) in the extension-flexion sequence. Collectively, these data suggest that the planning of complex movements is based in part on the accuracy demands of multiple segments of the sequence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of movement segment difficulty on movements with two-stroke sequence

et al. 1997

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“…Context effects were observed in drawing line segments with acute angles (Rand and Stelmach 2000;Rand et al 1997;Weiss et al 1997), and in those tasks where reaching a target (Short et al 1996;Sidaway 1991;Sidaway et al 1995) or picking up an object (Gentilucci et al 1997;Marteniuk et al 1987) implied either a sharp change in direction, or an impact on a surface. In all these cases the initiation of one step may be facilitated by a timely use of the elastic energy stored in the muscles while braking the previous step (Guiard 1993, see also Adam et al 1993Meulenbroek and Thomassen 1993).…”

Section: Context Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning short pointing sequences

Vindras

Viviani

2004

Exp Brain Res

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An experiment tested the hypothesis that fast, short sequences of movements are planned as a whole, before movement inception. The experimental task consisted of pointing to either one (one-step condition), or two (two-step condition) visual targets aligned along the midsagittal axis in a horizontal plane. There were nine possible arrangements of the targets resulting from all combinations of three distances (5, 10, 15 cm), and two trial orders (blocked or random). Performances were characterised by reaction time (RT), movement kinematics, and spatial accuracy. Compared with one-step trials, the first movements of two-step trials had longer RTs (length effect), particularly in random sessions, and when the sequences included short-distance targets. There were also differences in duration (one-target advantage), velocity profile and spatial accuracy that did not depend on the characteristics of the second movement. The results are inconsistent with the assumption that two-step sequences are planned as a whole. Instead, they are in keeping with the alternative hypothesis that part of the preparation of the second step takes place during the execution of the first step.

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“…Coupled planning is basic and essential for the performance of fast complex sequential motor actions (Adam et al, 1995; Fischman & Reeve, 1992; Rand et al, 1997; Rand & Stelmach, 2000; Short, Fischman, & Wang, 1996; Sidaway, Sekiya, & Fairweather, 1995) and especially, when participants are required to attain high spatial accuracy (Ketcham, Seidler, Van Gemmert, & Stelmach, 2002; MacKenzie, Marteniuk, Dugas, Liske, & Eickmeier, 1987; Rand & Stelmach, 2000; Weiss et al, 1997). In object manipulation experiments, a large number of studies have reported evidence of coupled planning depending on the final end-state comfort position for the arm (Rosenbaum & Jorgensen, 1992; Short & Cauraugh, 1997) on the grasp orientation and grasp height (Cohen & Rosenbaum, 2004; for a review see: Rosenbaum, Chapman, Weigelt, Weiss, & van der Wel, 2012), as well as the second action type (Armbrüster & Spijkers, 2006; Johnson-Frey et al, 2004; Marteniuk et al, 1987; Mason, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictable real-time constraints reveal anticipatory strategies of coupled planning in a sequential pick and place task

Lewkowicz

Delevoye-Turrell

2019

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Planning a sequence of two motor elements is much more than concatenating two independent movements. However, very little is known about the cognitive strategies that are used to perform fluent sequences for intentional object manipulation. In this series of studies, the participants’ task was to reach for and pick to place a wooden cylinder to set it on a place pad of three different diameters, which served to modify terminal accuracy constraints. Participants were required to perform the sequences (1) at their preferred speed or (2) as fast as possible. Action kinematics were recorded with the Qualisys motion-capture system in order to implement a real-time protocol to get participants to engage in a true interactive relation. Results revealed that with low internal constraints (at preferred speed), low coupling between the two elements of the motor sequence was observed, suggesting a step-by-step planning strategy. Under high constraints (at fastest speed), an important terminal accuracy effect back propagated to modify early kinematic parameters of the first element, suggesting strong coupling of the parameters in an encapsulated planning strategy. In Studies 2 and 3, we further manipulated instructions and timing constraints to confirm the importance of time and predictability of external information for coupled planning. These findings overall sustain the hypothesis that coupled planning can take place in a pick and place task when anticipatory strategies are possible. This mode of action planning may be the key reason why motor intention can be read through the observation of micro variations in body kinematics.

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Cinematographical Analysis of Movement Pathway Constraints in Rapid Target-Striking Tasks

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

The influence of movement segment difficulty on movements with two-stroke sequence

The influence of movement segment difficulty on movements with two-stroke sequence

Planning short pointing sequences

Predictable real-time constraints reveal anticipatory strategies of coupled planning in a sequential pick and place task

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