Ciliary muscle thickness profiles derived from optical coherence tomography images

Wagner, Sandra; Zrenner, Eberhart; Straßer, Torsten

doi:10.1364/boe.9.005100

Cited by 25 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…; Wagner et al. ). While OCT serves to identify all other chamber structures due to absorption of pigments, the CB is not clearly visible in comparison with UBM (Ang et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ciliary muscle dimensions by swept‐source optical coherence tomography and correlation study in a large population

Fernández‐Vigo

Shi

Kudsieh

et al. 2019

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose: To examine ciliary muscle (CM) dimensions in vivo by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in a large healthy population. To assess the reproducibility of CM measurements and correlations with different parameters. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the following CM measurements were made in 495 eyes of 495 subjects in the temporal and nasal quadrants: length (CML), area (CMA) and thickness at distances of 1000 lm (CMT1), 2000 lm (CMT2) and 3000 lm (CMT3) from the scleral spur using the SS-OCT DRI-Triton â (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan). These dimensions were then assessed for correlations with the factors age, gender, refractive error, anterior chamber angle (ACA) and intraocular pressure (IOP). The reproducibility of CM measurements was determined in 85 of the participants. Results: Mean age was 41.4 AE 17.5 years (range 5-83). The following means were recorded as follows: CML = 4.57 AE 0.73 mm (range 2.16-6.97), CMA = 1.35 AE 0.31 mm 2 (2.04-5.45), CMT1 = 558 AE 98 lm (299-891), CMT2 = 366 AE 100 lm (89-629) and CMT3 = 210 AE 75 lm (36-655). Negative correlation was detected between CML/CMA and age (R = À0.516/ R = À0.404; p < 0.001) and refractive error (R = À0.519/R = À0.538; p < 0.001). No gender differences were observed (p ≥ 0.150). Both CML and CMA were correlated with ACA (R = 0.498 and 0.546; p < 0.001) and slightly with IOP (R = À0.175; p < 0.001). The reproducibility of the CM measurements was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.878). Conclusions: Swept-source optical coherence tomography is a valid tool for in vivo CM measurements. Our data indicate a larger CM in myopes and its diminishing size with age.

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“…; Wagner et al. ). While OCT serves to identify all other chamber structures due to absorption of pigments, the CB is not clearly visible in comparison with UBM (Ang et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ciliary muscle dimensions by swept‐source optical coherence tomography and correlation study in a large population

Fernández‐Vigo

Shi

Kudsieh

et al. 2019

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…[11][12][13] Accommodation-induced AL changes are thought to be the result of biomechanical forces from ciliary muscle contraction producing an inward and anterior displacement of the ciliary body during accommodation. 14 Several authors have proposed that the inward contraction of the ciliary muscle may result in a decreased ocular equatorial diameter, which produces displacement of the posterior pole of the eye. 11,13 However, given the anatomical link between the ciliary body and choroid along the uveal tract, 15 ciliary muscle contraction may stretch the choroid anteriorly, resulting in global choroidal thinning 16 which would manifest as an increase in AL measured using optical biometry (defined by the distance from the anterior cornea to the retinal pigment epithelium).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in ocular biometry during short‐term accommodation in children

Hughes

Read

Collins

et al. 2020

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose Near work has been linked with myopia development; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Small increases in axial length during accommodation have previously been reported in adults, and therefore, this study aimed to examine if accommodation‐induced changes in ocular biometry also occur in school‐aged children. Methods A range of ocular biometric measurements were captured during brief accommodation tasks at four demands (0, 3, 6, and 9 D), in a group of 87 non‐myopic, school‐aged children using a Badal optometer mounted to a non‐contact optical biometer (Zeiss IOLMaster 700, https://www.zeiss.com/meditec/int/product-portfolio/optical-biometers/iolmaster-700.html). Reliable biometry measurements and active accommodation were observed for 76 participants who were included in the analysis. The average central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), crystalline lens thickness (LT), anterior segment length (ASL), vitreous chamber depth (VCD), and axial length (AL) were determined for each accommodation demand. Raw measurements of AL and VCD were corrected to account for the effect of LT changes during accommodation. Results On average, AL increased with increasing levels of accommodation (p = 0.005). The mean (SEM, standard error of the mean) AL increase from 0 D to the 3, 6, and 9 D demands was 4 (1), 8 (1), and 15 (2) µm, respectively. All other biometric parameters, except CCT, changed significantly during accommodation. LT and ASL increased, and ACD and VCD decreased significantly with increasing accommodation (all p ≤ 0.02). A longer baseline AL was associated with greater levels of accommodation‐induced axial elongation at the 9 D demand (p < 0.0001). Conclusions AL increased significantly during accommodation in children, consistent with previous findings in adults up to a 6 D demand. AL continued to increase for higher levels of accommodation (9 D demand), which children may experience during near tasks. These findings provide further insights into potential mechanisms linking near work, axial elongation, and myopia development. However, no myopic children participated in this experiment; therefore, further research is required.

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“…The values of the refractive indices of the different layers are configurable. Finally, based on the distortion corrected polynomial splines, the following biometric parameters are calculated: ciliary muscle apex, scleral spur, perpendicular axis (a selective anterior CMT reading taken at the apex), ciliary muscle apex shift, ciliary muscle area, and CMT profile [20]. The determined parameters can be copied to the system clipboard or saved as character separated text files.…”

Section: Software Functionalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After adjusting the imaged area using pupil center alignment, the subjects were instructed to shift their gaze about 40˚to an external target without moving their head but keeping it parallel to the instrument. This allowed imaging the entire ciliary muscle as shown in Fig 1. A detailed description of the process including a sketch of the experimental setup can be found in [20].…”

Section: Imaging Of the Ciliary Muscle Using Octmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the biometric parameters ciliary muscle apex, scleral spur, perpendicular axis, ciliary muscle apex shift, and ciliary muscle area, the CMT profile is calculated as the distance between the intersections of a secant perpendicular to the scleral-conjunctival surface with the scleral-muscle border and the muscle-pigmented epithelium border, respectively (Fig 3). This approach is used to normalize different shapes of the scleral-conjunctival surface [20].…”

Section: Segmentation Of the Ciliary Muscle Using Ciloctmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the application of the open-source software CilOCT for semi-automatic segmentation and analysis of the ciliary muscle in OCT images

2020

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Presbyopia and myopia research shows a growing interest in ciliary muscle biometry using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Until now, segmentation of the ciliary muscle is often performed manually using either custom-developed programs or image processing software. Here we present a novel software for semi-automatic segmentation of the ciliary muscle. It provides direct import of OCT images in DICOM format, a standardized procedure for segmentation, image distortion correction, the export of anatomical ciliary muscle landmarks, like ciliary muscle apex and scleral spur, as well as a continuous thickness profile of the ciliary muscle as a novel way of analysis. All processing steps are stored as XML files, fostering documentation and reproducibility of research through the possibility of replicating the analysis. Additionally, CilOCT supports batch processing for the automated analysis of large numbers of images and the respective data export to tabulated text files based on the stored XML files. CilOCT was successfully applied in several studies and their results will be summarized in this paper.

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Ciliary muscle thickness profiles derived from optical coherence tomography images

Cited by 25 publications

References 37 publications

Ciliary muscle dimensions by swept‐source optical coherence tomography and correlation study in a large population

Ciliary muscle dimensions by swept‐source optical coherence tomography and correlation study in a large population

Changes in ocular biometry during short‐term accommodation in children

Review of the application of the open-source software CilOCT for semi-automatic segmentation and analysis of the ciliary muscle in OCT images

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