Cilia in Different Segments of the Rat Nephron

The cell web in epithelial cells of the rat kidney

“…He also noted that, in the renal medulla, the basal fi bers in the epithelial eells lining the eolleeting tubule beeome gradually less numerous as one progresses toward the tip of the papilla. Similar resulta were obtained by Djokie (1919) in the bear and by Belosaviteh (1919) (Takaki et al, 19.56;Rhodin, 1958;Miller, 196o;Latta et al, 1961;Maunsbach et al, 1962;and others). Farquhar and Palade (196:3), in their investigation of junctional complexes in a number of epithelia, found that the organization of the terminal bars varies appreciably from one segment of the nephron to another.…”

“…Contrary to the terminal web, they have been described repeatedly in all renal tubules with the electron microscope (Pease, 1955;Takaki et al, 1956;Rhodin, 1958aRhodin, , 1958bMiller, 1960;Latta et al, 1961;Farquhar and Palade, 196); Kurtz, 1964;and others). Indeed, in the proximal convoluted tubule, the tight junction ( or zonula occludens ) is e:xtremely shallow while the intermediate junction ( or zonula adhaerens ) is deep and usually associated with a broad band of dense cytoplasmic material.…”

Collecting Duct Intercalated Cell Function and Regulation

“…These cells also have "numerous irregular apical microvilli" compared with the surrounding segment-specific cells (24). Moreover, it became clear that intercalated cells lacked a central cilium, at least in the cortex, which also differentiated them from the adjacent principal cells (Figure 3) (10,(28)(29)(30). Their peculiar morphology was reminiscent of acid-secreting cells in the turtle bladder (31,32) and frog skin (33), and, like these cells, intercalated cells participate in urinary acid secretion, bicarbonate reabsorption, and bicarbonate secretion (5).…”

“…They are the more abundant type of intercalated cell in the outer stripe of the outer medulla in most mammalian species (10). Morphologically, they lack a cilium, they have numerous apical microplicae, and mitochondria are abundant near the apical pole (10,28). Their most characterized role is as cells that secrete protons into urine, and they can easily be identified for their lack of pendrin expression.…”

Switching on cilia: transcriptional networks regulating ciliogenesis

“…In some rare cases, defects in ependymal motile cilia of the CNS can lead to swelling of the brain ventricles or to hydrocephalus (Afzelius, 1976) (reviewed by Boon et al, 2013). (Rhodin and Dalhamn, 1956); (B) X. laevis tracheal (Steinman, 1968) and R. pipiens pharyngeal (Fawcett and Porter, 1954) multicilia; (C) X. laevis epidermal multicilia (Steinman, 1968;Stubbs et al, 2008); (D) Human sperm flagellum and mouse oviduct multicilia (Fawcett, 1954); (E) Zebrafish (Wolenski and Hart, 1987) and Rana (Poirier and Spink, 1971) sperm flagella and R. pipiens oviduct multicilia (Fawcett and Porter, 1954); (F) Drosophila spermatocyte multiple cilia (Carvalho-Santos et al, 2012;Riparbelli et al, 2012) and sperm flagellum (Acton, 1966); (G) rat brain ependymal multicilia (Brightman and Palay, 1963) [immotile multicilia with a 9+0 configuration also exist in the choroid plexus (Narita et al, 2010)]; (H) X. laevis ependymal monocilia and multicilia (Hagenlocher et al, 2013) [these have a 9+2 configuration in R. temporaria (De Waele and Dierickx, 1979)]; (I) cilia on mouse spinal canal ependymal cells, which are normally biciliated (Luse, 1956); (J) zebrafish spinal canal ependymal cilia, which can have 9+0 or 9+2 configurations (Kramer-Zucker et al, 2005;Sarmah et al, 2007); (K) mouse nodal monocilia [most have a 9+0 configuration (Jurand, 1974;Sulik et al, 1994) but 9+2 cilia have been described (Caspary et al, 2007) with 9+4 cilia occasionally present in rabbit embryos (Feistel and Blum, 2006)]; (L) zebrafish KV monocilia (Kramer-Zucker et al, 2005); (M) rat kidney monocilia (Latta et al, 1961); (N) zebrafish pronephric multicilia and monocilia (Kramer-Zucker et al, 2005), and X. laevis pronephric multicilia (Fox and Hamilton, 1971); (O) rat signaling cilia (Sorokin, 1962); (P) zebrafish signaling cilia (S. Roy, unpublis...…”