Cigarette smoking is associated with abnormal involuntary movements in the general male population—a study of men born in 1933

Nilsson, Agneta; Waller, L.; Rosengren, Annika; Adlerberth, Annika; Wilhelmsen, Lars

doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00289-2

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…42,66 In addition, smoking may also alter the risk for TD by a pharmacodynamic effect of nicotine. 67,68 Therefore, interindividual differences in the amount of cigarette consumption in our sample might have biased our observations. Similarly, variability in antipsychotic dose and duration of exposure are other potential sources confounding in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A functional polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) gene: association with tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia

et al. 2000

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A functional polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) gene: association with tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia

et al. 2000

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“…Wirshing et al (1989) found that acute inhalation of nicotine increased the severity of TD symptoms. In addition, a recent report presented epidemiological data suggesting that cigarette smoking is a risk factor for dyskinesias, independent of medication exposure (Nilsson et al 1997). It is also interesting that the increase in dyskinesias occurred with nicotine replacement, although baseline nicotine levels were not maintained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine Withdrawal and Psychiatric Symptoms in Cigarette Smokers with Schizophrenia

Dalack

1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

115

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It is well known that the prevalence of smoking among those with schizophrenia is two to three times higher than that in the general population and considerably higher than that among those with other psychiatric illnesses de Leon et al. 1995). Crosssectional studies have suggested that smoking may be a marker of more severe schizophrenic illness and may affect treatment by modulating side effects of antipsychotic medication (Sandyk and Kay 1991;Goff et al. 1992). For example, neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism (NIP) is often found to be less prevalent among schizophrenics who smoke (Decina et al. 1990), whereas, the rate of tardive dyskinesia had been variably reported to be higher or lower (Yassa et al. 1987;Menza et al. 1991). The suggested effects of smoking on NIP may be accounted for by the faster metabolic clearance of neuroleptics attributable to hepatic microsomal enzyme upregulation caused by the products of tobacco combustion (Benowitz 1988), although some studies sug- et al. 1985;Jann et al. 1986). A number of explanations for the extensive cooccurrence of smoking with schizophrenia have been forwarded (Freedman et al. 1997;Glassman 1993). Some have focused on the ameliorating effects of nicotine on attentional abnormalities found in schizophrenia (Freedman et al. 1997;Adler et al. 1993), whereas, others have posited that the effects of nicotine on reward reinforcement and negative symptoms of schizophrenia are important (Glassman 1993;Nisell et al. 1995). Systematic studies of the effects of nicotine withdrawal have not been reported.The available cessation data suggest that smoking cessation rates among smokers with schizophrenia are quite low (Covey et al. 1994;Addington et al. 1997;Ziedonis and George 1997). In part, this may relate to lower motivation to quit (Ziedonis and George 1997). We have reported cases that suggested that attempts to cut down or quit smoking led to an exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms and a return to smoking (Dalack and Meador-Woodruff 1996).The very high prevalence of smoking among those with schizophrenia, coupled with our clinical impression that smoking abstinence may to lead to an exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms, led us to consider whether smoking in schizophrenia might be an attempt to self-medicate symptoms of the illness or side effects of treatment. Accordingly, we used an experimental paradigm that most closely paralleled our clinical observations. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study to examine the effect of acute nicotine withdrawal on psychiatric symptoms and medication side effects in smokers with schizophrenia. Our goal was to examine the following hypotheses.1. Acute nicotine withdrawal will exacerbate psychiatric symptoms in heavy smokers with schizophrenia. 2. Treatment of acute withdrawal by transdermal nicotine patch will mitigate both the increase in withdrawal symptoms and psychiatric symptoms. 3. Neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism will worsen during acute nicotine withdrawal; tardive dyskinesia will not ch...

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“…2,4,7,8 Cigarette smoking is also a risk factor for dyskinesia regardless of exposure to antipsychotic medication. 15 Data on prevalence of cigarette smoking among people with severe mental illnesses are scarce in low and middle income countries. A recent study 3 carried out in Colombia also found higher prevalence of cigarette smoking among individuals with schizophrenia, even though the general population had low smoking prevalence.…”

Section: Descritores: Pessoas Mentalmente Doentes Diagnóstico Duplo mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of tobacco use in individuals with severe mental illnesses, São Paulo, Brazil

2007

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of cigarette smoking in individuals with severe mental illnesses in a large urban centre of a middle income country. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out in São Paulo. The sample (N=192) comprised individuals diagnosed with severe mental illnesses who had contact with public psychiatric care services from September to November 1997 and were aged between 18 and 65 years. Prevalence of daily tobacco smoking in the 12 months previous to the interview and characteristics associated were studied. RESULTS: Out of 192 subjects with severe mental illnesses interviewed, 115 (59.9%; 95% CI: 52.6%; 66.9%) reported smoking cigarettes on a daily basis. Male gender, marital status separated or widowed, irregular use of neuroleptic drugs and history of ten or more psychiatric admissions were independently associated with cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cigarette smoking in the present sample was higher than that found in the general Brazilian population. Mental care services should implement non-smoking policies and mental health providers need to help patients with severe mental illness who want to quit smoking.

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Cigarette smoking is associated with abnormal involuntary movements in the general male population—a study of men born in 1933

Cited by 45 publications

References 30 publications

A functional polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) gene: association with tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia

A functional polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) gene: association with tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia

Nicotine Withdrawal and Psychiatric Symptoms in Cigarette Smokers with Schizophrenia

Prevalence of tobacco use in individuals with severe mental illnesses, São Paulo, Brazil

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