Cigarette smoking and waiting time to pregnancy: results of a pilot study

Žilaitienė, Birutė; Diržauskas, Marius; Preikša, Romualdas Tomas; Matulevičius, Valentinas

doi:10.3390/medicina43120125

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the investigation of menstrual cycle characteristics (start age, regularity and period duration) in both groups, it was found that menstrual regularity in both groups had significant difference that was consistent with the study of Idrovo et al, [15]. However, in the study of Zilaitiene et al, menstrual cycle regularity didn't have significant association with TTP [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Also, in the study performed by Spinelli, intercourse frequency ≥ 6 times per month reduced TTP [11]. However, in the study performed by Zilaitiene, intercourse frequency didn't have significant association with TTP [8]. Hassan et al didn't support the theory that frequent or scheduled intercourse can increase fertility chance and it was in consistent with other studies [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The results of the current study showed that exposure to smoking had significant association with prolonged TTP. Some studies showed the negative influence of smoking on fertility [3,8]. Smoking in women can affect the follicle and causes hormone dysfunction in luteal phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some factors as using alcohol, full-time job, taking oral contraceptive before pregnancy, night shift and stress, menstrual cycle duration, gestational age and parity were associated with TTP [7]. However, Zilaitiene et al, didn't found any significant association between previous use of oral contraceptive, regular menstrual cycle, gestational age, intercourse frequency and TTP [8]. The factors related to life style including using alcohol [7,9] and smoking [7,8,10,11] affect fertility via postponing pregnancy and increasing miscarriage risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, Zilaitiene et al, didn't found any significant association between previous use of oral contraceptive, regular menstrual cycle, gestational age, intercourse frequency and TTP [8]. The factors related to life style including using alcohol [7,9] and smoking [7,8,10,11] affect fertility via postponing pregnancy and increasing miscarriage risk. Alderet et al, performed a study on the association between smoking and coffee and TTP, they found a significant relation between smoking and TTP [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The Effective Factors on Time to Pregnancy In Reproductive Age Women, West of Iran

Heydarpour¹,

Heydarpour²,

Najafi³

et al. 2016

IJRFSH

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Background:The time required to achieve the pregnancy is called time to pregnancy (TTP). The effective factors on TTP are different because of the different life style and geographical condition in various countries. The present study aimed to determine the effective factors on TTP in Kermanshah in 2010. Method:In this case-control study, 174 mothers with TTP ≥ 12 months and 587 mothers with TTP < 12 months were selected as case and control group, respectively. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were analyzed by SPSS, V.16 software and p<0.05 was considered as significance level.Results: Based on the results of Multi-variant analysis, women education level (Diploma and higher)( OR-0.854, CI 95% = 0.741-0.984), increasing intercourse frequency per week (OR = 0.728, CI 95% = 0.631-0.839), not exposure to smoking (OR=0.606, CI 95%=0.380-0.965) and blood group A compared to O (OR = 0.639, CI 95% = 0.405-1.01) significantly reduced TTP. Some factors as BMI>25kg/m 2 (OR=2.221, CI 95%=1.489-3.312), irregular menstrual (OR=3.70, CI 95%=2.127-6.441) and the lack of doing sport activities among females (OR=1.920, CI95%=1.263-2.918) increased TTP. Conclusion:Based on the results of this study, some factors as high BMI and the lack of doing sport activities increased TTP and some factors as increasing the intercourse frequency per week reduced its chance. The couples who plan for pregnancy and follow medical interventions don't consider the factors of TTP. It is recommended that health care staffs support the couples and give them the required consultations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%