Cigarette smoking and subtypes of bladder cancer

Jiang, Xuejuan; Castelao, Jose E.; Yuan, Jian‐Min; Stern, Mariana C.; Conti, David V.; Cortessis, Victoria K.; Pike, Malcolm C.; Gago‐Dominguez, Manuela

doi:10.1002/ijc.26068

Cited by 60 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…6 (4) 17 (9) 32 (16) 10 (18) 23 (10) 16 ( 126 (63) 148 (73) 41 (72) 148 (70) 85 (63) Present 49 (32) 73 (37) 55 (27) 16 (28) 62 (30) 50 ( 35 (61) 146 (70) 82 (61) Present 50 (33) 72 (36) 67 (33) 22 (38) 64 (30) 53 ( 147 (74) 135 (67) 45 (79) 149 (71) 88 (65) Sessile 49 (32) 52 (26) 68 (33) 12 (21) 61 (29) 47 ( 147 (74) 135 (67) 37 (65) 147 (70) 98 (73) Present 39 (26) 52 (26) 68 (33) 20 (35) 63 (30) 37 (27) Adjuvant chemotherapy, n (%)…”

Section: 07unclassified

Gender‐specific effect of smoking on upper tract urothelial carcinoma outcomes

et al. 2013

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Objective• To evaluate the gender-specific differential effects of smoking habits and cumulative smoking exposure on outcomes in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Patients and Methods• A total of 864 consecutive patients, comprising 553 (64%) men and 311 (36%) women, from five international institutions underwent RNU without neoadjuvant chemotherapy.• Smoking history included smoking status (current, former or never), quantity of cigarettes per day (CPD), smoking duration in years and years since smoking cessation. Cumulative smoking exposure was categorized as light short-term (Յ19 CPD and Յ19.9 years), moderate (all combinations except light short-term and heavy long-term), and heavy long-term (Ն20 CPD and Ն20 years).• Uni-and multivariable competing risk regression models were used to assess the associations with outcomes. Results• Overall, 244 (28.2%), 297 (34.4%) and 323 (37.4%) patients were never, former and current smokers, respectively.• There were no differences in smoking status, quantity and duration between the genders.• In female ever smokers, 30 (9.6%), 121 (38.9%) and 67 (21.5%) were light short-term, moderate and heavy long-term smokers, respectively. Compared with men, female current smokers were more likely to experience disease recurrence in univariable analysis (P = 0.013).• In heavy long-term smokers, female gender was significantly associated with disease recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.7; P = 0.03) and cancer-specific mortality (HR 2.0; P = 0.009) in multivariable analysis that adjusted for standard clinico-pathological features.• In female patients only, smoking quantity, duration and cumulative exposure were associated with disease recurrence and cancer-specific mortality on multivariable analyses (P Յ 0.025). Conclusions• The impact of smoking on UTUC outcomes after RNU is gender-specific.• Females who are current and heavy long-term smokers experience worse outcomes than their male counterparts. • Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the gender-specific differential effect of smoking on UTUC outcomes.

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Section: 07unclassified

Gender‐specific effect of smoking on upper tract urothelial carcinoma outcomes

et al. 2013

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“…22 Chromosome 9 has been identified as an important molecular target for damage caused by components of tobacco smoke, with mutations more common in smokers than in non-smokers. 23 Additionally, while smoking is a risk factor for all genetic subtypes of bladder cancer, it has been suggested that there is a strong association between tobacco smoke and alterations in p53 and retinoblastoma protein tumour suppressor pathways, resulting in more invasive tumours. 23 Less commonly, SCC has been reported in isolated cases following chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide 24 and BCG.…”

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confidence: 99%

Risk factors for development of primary bladder squamous cell carcinoma

Manley

Hubbard

Swallow

et al. 2017

annals

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INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of risk factors for primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder. MATERIALS A total of 90 cases of primary SCC of the bladder were identified through multicentre analysis. Patient demographics, stage and grade of cancer at presentation, management and outcomes were recorded. The presence of known risk factors (catheter use, neuropathic bladder, smoking history, recurrent urinary tract infection and bladder stones) was also documented. RESULTS Over half of the patients had at least one identifiable risk factor for the development of primary bladder SCC: 13.9% of patients had a history of catheter use (clean intermittent self-catheterisation [CISC] in 11.1%), 10.0% of patients had a neuropathic bladder, 27.8% were smokers or ex-smokers and 20.0% had a documented history of recurrent urinary tract infection. Statistical analysis of the results showed no association between risk factors and grade of tumour at presentation. CONCLUSIONS These data further support the association between primary bladder SCC and several of the well documented risk factors for its development. Chronic use of CISC may confer a greater risk for development of SCC than thought previously. Further evidence of the role of CISC in primary SCC is required to justify routine screening and to determine exactly when surveillance of the bladder should begin for this group of patients.

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“…Thus, the null association between CYP1A1 mutations and BC risk may be due to the small sample size as it provides low statistical power. As is universally known, smoking is an important risk factor for BC, smokers with the CYP1A1 A/G polymorphism have been reported to have more PAH-DNA adducts than smokers without the polymorphism (Mooney et al, 1997), and some studies have found cigarette smoking to be strongly associated with tumor grade of BC (Jiang et al, 2012). However, only two studies included in our meta-analysis presented detailed frequencies of CYP1A1 polymorphisms with smoking habit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Lack of Association Between CYP1A1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Bladder Cancer: a Meta-analysis

Zhang²,

Xie³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: The effects of CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms on the risk of bladder cancer (BC) remain controversial. We carried out a meta-analysis to clarify the role of CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms in BC. Material and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted up to November 20, 2013. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of the association. Meta-regression, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also performed. Results: Eight studies involving 1,059 BC cases and 1,061 controls were included. The meta-analysis showed that there was no significant association between the two common mutations of CYP1A1 and BC risk. For the I1e462Val A/G polymorphism with GG vs. AA the OR was 1.47 (95 % CI= 0.70-3.07, P =0.308). For the MspI T/C polymorphism, though a slight trend was found this was not statistically nonsignificant (CC vs.TT, OR = 1.24, 95 % CI= 0.98-1.58, P =0.078). Subgroup analyses by ethnicity also found no obvious association between CYP1A1 and BC risk. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis suggests that CYP1A1 polymorphism is not associated with bladder cancer risk.

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Cigarette smoking and subtypes of bladder cancer

Cited by 60 publications

References 30 publications

Gender‐specific effect of smoking on upper tract urothelial carcinoma outcomes

Gender‐specific effect of smoking on upper tract urothelial carcinoma outcomes

Risk factors for development of primary bladder squamous cell carcinoma

Lack of Association Between CYP1A1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Bladder Cancer: a Meta-analysis

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