Cigarette Smoking and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

AIM:To determine whether cigarette smoking, as a risk factor for CAD, affects (anti)oxidant status.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study included patients with CAD, divided according to their smoking status and the number of cigarettes smoked during a day. Biological markers of oxidative stress (concentration of oxidants and activity of antioxidant enzymes) were measured in all subjects.RESULTS:The study included 300 patients with CAD, (average age of 63 ± 11 years), predominantly males. Of the total, 34.0% were active smokers, 23.0% were former smokers, and 43.0% were non-smokers. Most of the active smokers smoked 1-20 cigarettes/day. In terms of concentration of oxidants (MDA and HP) there was not a significant difference between smokers versus non-smokers. As for the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPX), a statistically significant difference was found in the activity of GPX among the active smokers with CAD and the non-smokers with CAD (p = 0.039).CONCLUSION:Smoking as a risk factor for CAD is closely associated with increased oxidative stress, and the number of cigarettes smoked plays an important role in increasing the level of oxidative damage and reducing antioxidant defence.

Serum catalase, thiol and myeloperoxidase levels in children passively exposed to cigarette smoke

“…However, a systematic review conducted in 2011 showed that passive smoking may have significant effects on the lipid profile of children; even so, they did conclude that study designs limited evaluation in especially infants and those subject to maternal smoking [41]. Our findings are supported by several studies that reported similar lipid profiles in children (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) years old) exposed to secondhand smoke and those that were unexposed [42]. Furthermore, one particular study by Neufeld et al suggested that the relationships shown between lipid profile and passive smoker status in children may be due to the absence of adjustments for confounding factors (such as diet and dyslipidemia).…”

“…Various studies have shown that cigarette smoking is associated with lipid peroxidation [13], increased oxidative stress and inflammation [14,15]. Furthermore, cigarette smoking has been shown to inhibit CAT activity [16], reduce thiol levels [17], and increase MPO activity [18].…”

Comparative assessment of individual RONS in serum of smokers compared with non-smokers and their correlation with the lipid profile and antioxidant status

“…4,5 It has been argued that the increased production of reactive species associated with smoking may exceed the capacity of the endogenous antioxidant defence system, resulting in oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation. [6][7][8][9] Although cigarette smoke is a rich source of free radical and non-radical oxidants, direct exposure to cigarette smoke represents only a portion of the total oxidative stress that is found in living tissues. Additionally, smoking contributes to further endogenous oxidant formation that magnifies the inflammatory immune responses.…”

Naringin Reveals Ameliorative Property Over Elevated Oxidative Stress Levels in Animal Models

“…The reactive oxygen metabolites produced are more reactive than the original oxygen molecule and are called active oxygen species. Many daily habits are closely associated with OxiS which includes smoking [2][3][4][5], drinking [6][7][8][9], and an irregular diet [10][11][12][13]. The superoxide radical (·O 2ˉ) , one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), is known to be generated in brain and is involved in the reduction of certain iron complexes including cytochrome C. Superoxide dismutase is a metalloenzyme catalytically eliminating superoxide radical as a first-line defense mechanism against OxiS [14].…”