Cigarette Smoking and Mortality in Japan: The Miyagi Cohort Study

Hozawa, Atsushi; Ohkubo, Takayoshi; Yamaguchi, Junko; Ugajin, Tomohisa; Koizumi, Yayoi; Nishino, Yoshikazu; Tsubono, Yoshitaka; Shibuya, Daisuke; Tsuji, Ichiro; Fukao, Akira; Hisamichi, Shigeru

doi:10.2188/jea.14.s12

Cited by 27 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The six-prefecture cohort study 29 The Miyagi Cohort Study 31 The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study 30 The Jichi Medical School Cohort Study 33 were higher than those of the present study. Other reports showed that the RRs of current smokers were higher than our results.…”

Section: Japancontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…30 The Miyagi Cohort Study (MCS) followed up 36,052 subjects aged 40-64 years during an 11-year period, 31 and the multivariate-adjusted RRs were 1.71 in males and 1.44 in females. The results of these two studies for males approximated ours and a comparison was reasonable because their research was similar to ours in terms of subjects, observation time, and period of observation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking and Risk of All-cause Mortality: The Jichi Medical School (JMS) Cohort Study

Uno

Ishikawa

Nakamura

et al. 2005

Journal of Epidemiology

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BACKGROUND: There have been comparatively few large-scale cohort studies analyzing all-cause mortality due to cigarette smoking. The goal of this analysis is to investigate the relationship between smoking status and all-cause mortality, and to evaluate the effect of smoking in the Japanese. METHODS: The baseline data were collected between 1992 and 1995. Ultimately, 10,873 Japanese (4,280 males and 6,593 females) aged 19 years or older from 12 rural communities located across Japan participated in the study. This analysis is based on the results, including the information on those who died and moved out of the communities, obtained by December 31, 2001. The Cox’s proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of mortality for smoking with adjustment for age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, body mass index, alcohol drinking habit and education. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 8.2 years, during which time, 284 males and 192 females died. The multivariate-adjusted HRs for total mortality among former and current smokers compared with never smokers were 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-1.61) and 1.65 (95% CI: 1.16-2.35) in males, and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.40-2.42) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.42-1.95) in females, respectively. Those for the consumption of 1-14, 15-24, and 25+ cigarettes per day among male smokers were 1.62, 1.57, and 1.89, respectively. In females, there was no great difference in all-cause mortality between smokers and never smokers. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study confirm an increased risk in males of premature death from all causes among Japanese with a smoking habit.

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Section: Japancontrasting

confidence: 60%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and Risk of All-cause Mortality: The Jichi Medical School (JMS) Cohort Study

Uno

Ishikawa

Nakamura

et al. 2005

Journal of Epidemiology

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“…Significant gender differences observed in smoking status and the quartile of FVC %pred in this survey are typical with respect to differences that have been reported repeatedly by numerous researchers, both in Japan and overseas (2,(34)(35)(36).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…This finding provided support for smoking habits as a significantly independent predictor of higher mortality. Several studies have presented the same relationship between smoking habits and mortality (6,(33)(34)(35)(36). It has been reported, in a Japanese population, that smoking habits significantly increase the risk of premature death among middle-aged Japanese men and women, and that a substantial proportion of deaths, especially in men, is attributable to smoking (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Several studies have presented the same relationship between smoking habits and mortality (6,(33)(34)(35)(36). It has been reported, in a Japanese population, that smoking habits significantly increase the risk of premature death among middle-aged Japanese men and women, and that a substantial proportion of deaths, especially in men, is attributable to smoking (34). Regarding a specific cause of death, there is a strong association between cigarette smoking habits and an elevated mortality risk attributable to ischemic heart disease, cancer and chronic pulmonary diseases (35,36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Nested case-control study on associations between lung function, smoking and mortality in Japanese population

Sekine

Gaina

et al. 2007

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives: Only a few long-term follow-up studies with a focus on the association between lung function and mortality in the Japanese population have been undertaken. In this study, we examined the associations of lung function, smoking and the results of allergy skin tests with mortality in a longitudinal study of the Japanese population.Methods: Baseline measurements were performed on residents of Fukui, Japan in 1972, and a follow-up survey was conducted in 2002. By employing a nested case-control design, 596 cases (deaths) and 596 age and sex-matched controls (survivals) were selected. Lung function was assessed using forced vital capacity (FVC) expressed as the normal percent predicted (FVC %pred) and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) to FVC (FEV 1 /FVC). Allergy skin tests were performed with extracts of house dust, candidia and mixed fungal samples (bronchomycosis). The Brinkman index was used to assess smoking intensity. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate whether lung function was associated with mortality after adjustment for other potential confounding variables.Results: Those categorized into the first-or second-lowest quartile of FVC %pred had a higher mortality [hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 2.01 (1.26−3.19) and 1.84 (1.11− 3.05)], respectively. On top of these, heavy smoking (BI≥400) was associated with a higher mortality [HR and 95%CI: 1.73 (1.18−2.53)]. There were only weak of associations between the results of allergy skin tests and mortality.Conclusions: These results suggest that FVC %pred of lung function and smoking can serve as long-term independent predictors of mortality.

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Associations of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking with stomach cancer survival: A prospective patient cohort study in Japan

Minami

Kanemura

Oikawa

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking may affect the prognosis of stomach cancer, but evidence has been inconsistent. We investigated the associations between pretreatment smoking and alcohol drinking and the risk of all-cause and stomach cancer death among 1,576 patients with histologically confirmed stomach cancer diagnosed during 1997-2010 at a single hospital in Japan. Histories of smoking and alcohol drinking were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. The patients were followed until December 31, 2013. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 9,625.1 person-years, 670 all-cause and 419 stomach cancer deaths were documented. Among the patients overall, ever-drinking was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause death (HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.03-1.51), but not stomach cancer death. Positive linear associations with the frequency of drinking (p = 0.02) and the amount of alcohol consumed per day (p = 0.03) were observed for the risk of all-cause death. Ever-smoking was not related to either the risk of all-cause or stomach cancer death. Conversely, among the patients who underwent curative resection, a significant positive association was found between ever-smoking and the risk of stomach cancer death (HR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.17-5.08). A positive association was also found for earlier age at start of smoking (p = 0.0046). Pretreatment smoking and alcohol drinking have significant effects on stomach cancer survival. Lifestyle adjustments throughout life may improve survival.

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Cigarette Smoking and Mortality in Japan: The Miyagi Cohort Study

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Smoking and Risk of All-cause Mortality: The Jichi Medical School (JMS) Cohort Study

Smoking and Risk of All-cause Mortality: The Jichi Medical School (JMS) Cohort Study

Nested case-control study on associations between lung function, smoking and mortality in Japanese population

Associations of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking with stomach cancer survival: A prospective patient cohort study in Japan

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