Cigarette Smoking and Adult Coeliac Disease

Austin, A.S.; Logan, Richard F.; Thomason, K.; Holmes, Geoffrey

doi:10.1080/003655202760230973

Cited by 41 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Still, it seems likely that sperm count and sperm volume and fertility are affected negatively by smoking (35). Most studies have suggested an inverse relationship between smoking and CD (36,37), but not all (38,39). If patients with CD are less often smokers, this possibility may have overestimated fertility in men with CD in our study.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationscontrasting

confidence: 47%

Celiac disease is not a risk factor for infertility in men

Zugna

Richiardi

Akre

et al. 2011

Fertility and Sterility

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Section: Strengths and Limitationscontrasting

confidence: 47%

Celiac disease is not a risk factor for infertility in men

Zugna

Richiardi

Akre

et al. 2011

Fertility and Sterility

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“…Adults with treated celiac disease are reported to be less likely to have a diagnosis of hypertension (OR: 0.68 [95% CI: 0.60-0.76]) and have a lower reported anti hypertensive medication use in comparison with age-and sex-matched general population controls [55]. Celiac disease appears to be associated with nonsmoking, although it is unclear whether or not this is a causal association [56][57][58]. However, smoking was more common in women with diagnosed celiac disease than those without celiac disease using data combined from national birth registers and the Swedish In-Patient Registry [59].…”

Section: Vascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 86%

Risk of morbidity in contemporary celiac disease

Lewis

Holmes

2010

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology

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Celiac disease is one of the most common chronic diseases encountered in the Western world with a serological prevalence of approximately 1%. Since it is so common, much comorbidity will occur either as associations or simply by chance, or as complications of the disorder. Many of the published studies purporting to establish the frequency of these occurrences have been limited by factors such as the source and number of patients considered, choice of control groups and ascertainment bias. Recent epidemiological studies have attempted to minimize these sources of error and provide more reliable information. Autoimmune diseases constitute clinically important associations, of which Type 1 diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders are the most important. Several liver disorders, including primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, are also associated. The frequency of malignant complications of celiac disease is much lower than earlier studies have indicated, with lymphoma increased by approximately fivefold and the absolute number of tumors is small. The increase in fracture risk in celiac disease is only modest. Although neurological and psychiatric conditions affect celiac patients, no disorder specifically associated with celiac disease has been identified. Reproductive problems have been overexaggerated. It is important that these co-morbidities are recognized because if not, symptoms will be falsely attributed to deliberate or inadvertent ingestion of gluten, rather than prompt a search for a second diagnosis. Furthermore, in a patient with an established diagnosis that is considered falsely to account for the whole clinical picture, celiac disease is likely to remain undetected.

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“…50,51 A similar finding was reported for patients with CD alone, suggesting a protective role for smoking in CD similar to that seen in ulcerative colitis. [52][53][54] Whether the immunomodulation induced by smoking would have a protective effect on DH is unclear. Additional studies are necessary to determine if nicotine treatment may be a management option for these conditions.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%