Cigarette smoke induced pathology of the rat respiratory tract: A comparison of the effects of the particulate and vapour phases

Coggins, Christopher R. E.; Fouillet, Xavier; Lam, R.; Morgan, K.T.

doi:10.1016/0300-483x(80)90040-2

Cited by 69 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…An average of 16 ai&ays were assessed per lamb (range [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Two of the four CS lambs had DISCUSSION peribronchial mononuclear infiltrate affecting approximately…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Passive Smoking on the Lung of Young Lambs

1986

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ABSTRACT. The effect of passive smoking on lung histology, lung mechanics, and airway responsiveness (AR) was studied in 2-month-old lambs. Two groups of lambs were studied; 17 were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) and 13 served as age-and sex-matched controls. Starting at 1 month of age, CS lambs had 25 daily exposures to the smoke generated from eight cigarettes. A smoking machine was constructed for the study using a Bird Ventilator. Two days prior to lung function testing, lambs were anesthetized and a Silastic balloon was placed in the pleural space for later measurement of pleural pressure. At the beginning of each study, lambs were intubated with a nasotracheal tube over a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. Lung mechanics (dynamic compliance, resistance of the lung, functional residual capacity) and AR were measured using a whole body plethsymograph. AR to inhaled histamine, carbachol, and citric acid was measured in each lamb on 3 separate days by giving five breaths of increasing concentrations of the aerosol in a noncumulative fashion. AR was measured both within 24 h of the final exposure to CS and at 3-7 days after CS. After the final AR was measured, lambs were anesthetized and an open lung biopsy performed. Control lambs had the same studies as CS lambs performed at an equivalent age. After 25 daily exposures to CS in 17 lambs, mean dynamic compliance was 0.024 2 0.009 liter/ cm H 2 0 , lung resistance was 2.56 + 1.32 cm H 2 0 . liter-'. s, and functional residual capacity was 0.725 + 0.234 liter. These values were not significantly different (p > 0.05) from those of the control lambs. Exposure to CS did not significantly change AR to any of the three bronchoprovocation agents tested. Histologic examination of lung tissue showed mild to moderate interstitial mononuclear cellular infiltrate, cellular debris in some airways, and occasional peribronchial inflammation in CS lambs but not in controls. Thus, passive smoking for 1 month in young lambs was not associated with a detectable alteration in lung mechanics or airway responsiveness at a time when inflammatory cells were found in the lung. (Pediatr Res 20: 853-858, 1986) Abbreviations CS, cigarette smoke COHb, carboxy hemoglobin FRC, functional residual capacity BTPS, body temperature, pressure, saturation yT, tidal volume V, flow Pa, airway opening pressure

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Passive Smoking on the Lung of Young Lambs

1986

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“…Cigarette smoke as a complex mixture seems to be an exception, as it was found to induce inflammation, degeneration of olfactory epithelium, and hyper-and metaplasia of the nasal respiratory epithelium in experimental animals (99)(100)(101)(102)(103). However, in all likelihood these nasal effects are caused by vapor phase components such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and furfural, and not by the particulate phase of cigarette smoke.…”

Section: Strategic and Regulatory Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

International issues on human health effects of exposure to chemical mixtures.

Feron

Cassee

Groten

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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“…BAUMGARTNER and COGGINS considered their smoking/ inhalation machine to meet the requirements compiled at the 1974 Tobacco Smoke Inhalation Workshop (342). The machine was manufactured and marketed by Aeromechanique AMESA, Châtelaine, Geneva (Switzerland) and called -in later publications -Battelle Mk III (353,354) or AMESA Mark III (A) (355,356). 5 The elaborate chemical evaluation of the smoke in undiluted and diluted form, generated in this system (352), was reported by BRIGGS et al (357).…”

Section: Smoke Generation and Exposure In Inhalation Studies With Rodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yields in diluted smoke were found to be further (slightly) reduced. The new system (352) was the equipment used in a 12-week inhalation study conducted by COGGINS et al (354) to compare the pathological effects induced in the respiratory tract of rats by whole cigarette smoke and its particulate and vapor phases. Both types of tested cigarettes contained a flue-cured tobacco blend typical of the UK market.…”

Section: Smoke Generation and Exposure In Inhalation Studies With Rodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Mainstream Smoke: The Evolution of Methods and Devices for Generation, Exposure and Collection

Klus¹,

Boenke-Nimphius²,

Müller

2016

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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SUMMARYThe objective of this review is to support tobacco scientists when evaluating information published on smoking machines, and on cigarette mainstream smoke (in vivo and in vitro) exposure systems and collection devices. The intriguing development of smoking machines (mainly for cigarettes) is followed for more than 170 years -from the first simple set-ups in the 1840s to the sophisticated and fully automated analytical smoking machines available today. Systems for the large-scale production of smoke (condensate) for preparative work are equally considered. The standardization of machine smoking methods and test pieces has solved several technical problems and produced sensible rules but, at the same time, given rise to new controversies like the compatibility of artificial and human smoking, and the implementation of more intense machine smoking regimes. Adequate space is allotted for the discussion of configurations for in vivo smoke exposure of rodent and non-rodent species and the machines generating the required smoke (condensate). Covered as well is the field of in vitro toxicity testing, including the increasingly informative new techniques of air-liquid interface exposure, which are becoming more and more refined with the use of organotypic cultures and genetic analyses. The review is completed by the examination of the considerable variety of mainstream smoke collection devices (filters and traps) developed over time -some for very specific purposes -and refers to the perpetual problem of artifact formation by aging.

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Cigarette smoke induced pathology of the rat respiratory tract: A comparison of the effects of the particulate and vapour phases

Cited by 69 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of Passive Smoking on the Lung of Young Lambs

Effect of Passive Smoking on the Lung of Young Lambs

International issues on human health effects of exposure to chemical mixtures.

Cigarette Mainstream Smoke: The Evolution of Methods and Devices for Generation, Exposure and Collection

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