Cigarette smoke-induced emphysema: A role for the B Cell?

Strate, Barry Wa van der; Postma, Dirkje S.; Brandsma, Corry‐Anke; Melgert, Barbro N.; Luinge, Marjan; Geerlings, Marie; Hylkema, Machteld N.; Berg, A. van den; Timens, Wim; Kerstjens, Huib A. M.

doi:10.1016/j.rmedu.2006.03.026

Cited by 92 publications

(175 citation statements)

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“…These have been reported in tissues such as the gut and joints [15,16], and have also been observed within the lung parenchyma of COPD patients [4,17]. These follicles have a B-cell core with T-cells around the periphery [17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 63%

“…1a) and also as isolated structures within the lung parenchyma ( fig. 1b), as previously described [4,17]. These organised follicles were composed of a dense population of cells arranged in concentric layers ( fig.…”

Section: Distribution Of Tertiary Lymphoid Structuresmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…These follicles have a B-cell core with T-cells around the periphery [17]. Dendritic cells are also present in these follicles, suggesting that these structures are a site for chronic antigen presentation to lymphocytes [17]. It has been suggested that dendritic cells are involved in an aberrant immunological response within COPD follicles [18].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Increased T-regulatory cells within lymphocyte follicles in moderate COPD

Plumb¹,

Smyth²,

Adams³

et al. 2009

European Respiratory Journal

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Lymphoid follicles in the lung parenchyma are a characteristic feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There are reports of altered CD4 T-regulatory cell numbers in COPD lungs, but the location of these cells within COPD lung tissue specific follicles has not been investigated.The presence of CD4 + FOXP3 + T-regulatory cells was assessed in surgically resected lung tissue from 12 COPD patients, 11 smokers with normal lung function and seven nonsmokers by combined immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Organised lymphoid follicles were observed in all three groups of patients, as well as lymphoid clusters lacking organisation. The percentage of CD4 cells that were T-regulatory cells were significantly increased (p50.02) within COPD (16%) follicles compared with smokers (10%) and nonsmokers (8%). In contrast, there was no change (p.0.05) in the percentage of T-regulatory cells in clusters or the subepithelium between groups.Lymphoid follicles in COPD patients have increased T-regulatory cells. Therefore, T-regulatory activity may be altered within COPD lymphoid follicles.

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confidence: 63%

Section: Distribution Of Tertiary Lymphoid Structuresmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Increased T-regulatory cells within lymphocyte follicles in moderate COPD

Plumb¹,

Smyth²,

Adams³

et al. 2009

European Respiratory Journal

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“…The numbers of B cell follicles present in the lung were shown to increase with disease severity (44)(45)(46). In addition, the presence of auto-antibodies against pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells has been described in the serum of COPD patients.…”

Section: B Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Evidence for an Autoimmune Component

Stefańska

Walsh

2009

Cell Mol Immunol

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by an irreversible limitation on pulmonary airflow associated with chronic inflammation and mucous hypersecretion (chronic bronchitis) and/or the pathological destruction of alveolar airspaces leading to emphysema. COPD, predominantly as a result of tobacco smoke exposure, represents the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide and its prevalence is increasing. Despite this, much of the basic mechanisms which contribute to disease progression remain to be elucidated and current therapeutic approaches are, for the most part, based upon alleviating patient symptoms (bronchodilators) as opposed to treating the underlying pathological mechanisms triggered in response to cigarette smoke exposure. The classic disease paradigm suggests that an imbalance of pulmonary matrix proteases versus anti-proteases underlies the tissue destruction and inflammation associated with COPD. However, there is a growing appreciation of the complex and multifaceted nature of the pathological mechanisms associated with disease progression. Recently, there has been mounting evidence indicating that COPD patients exhibit many of the characteristics of a classical autoimmune response. We will discuss current evidence in support of this paradigm and outline how future therapeutic approaches may be tailored to address this. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2009;6(2):81-86.

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“…Mice were exposed to main stream cigarette smoke for 24 weeks. 18 Because of the known relationship between smoking and Crohn's ileitis, effects on the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of the small intestine-and Peyer's patches (PP) in particular-were examined. Smoking alone is insufficient to cause intestinal inflammation, as observed in both animal models and human individuals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking alters epithelial apoptosis and immune composition in murine GALT

Verschuere

Bracke

Demoor

et al. 2011

Laboratory Investigation

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Smokers have a twofold increased risk to develop Crohn's disease (CD). However, little is known about the mechanisms through which smoking affects CD pathogenesis. Especially Crohn's ileitis is negatively influenced by smoking. Interestingly, the ileum and, more in particular, the Peyer's patches in the terminal ileum are also the sites where the first CD lesions are found. Several chemokines are implicated in the pathogenesis, among which is the CCL20-CCR6 pathway. Here, we studied the gut-associated lymphoid tissue in C57BL/6 wild-type mice and in CCR6-deficient mice after exposure to air or cigarette smoke for 24 weeks. Apoptotic index of the follicle-associated epithelium overlying the Peyer's patches was evaluated. We found that chronic smoke exposure induced apoptosis in the follicle-associated epithelium. Furthermore, immune cell numbers and differentiation along with chemokine expression were determined in Peyer's patches. Important changes in immune cell composition were observed: total dendritic cells, CD4 þ T cells (including regulatory T cells) and CD8 þ T cells increased significantly after smoke exposure. The CD11b þ dendritic cell subset almost doubled. Interestingly, these changes were accompanied by an upregulated mRNA expression of the chemokines CCL9 and CCL20. However, no differences in the increase of dendritic cells were observed between wild-type and CCR6-deficient mice. Our results show that cigarette smoke exposure increases apoptosis in the follicle-associated epithelium and is associated with immune cell accumulation in Peyer's patches.

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Cigarette smoke-induced emphysema: A role for the B Cell?

Cited by 92 publications

References 0 publications

Increased T-regulatory cells within lymphocyte follicles in moderate COPD

Increased T-regulatory cells within lymphocyte follicles in moderate COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Evidence for an Autoimmune Component

Cigarette smoking alters epithelial apoptosis and immune composition in murine GALT

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