Cigarette Smoke and E-Cigarette Vapor Dysregulate Osteoblast Interaction With Titanium Dental Implant Surface

Rouabhia, Mahmoud; Alanazi, Hanan; Park, Hyun Jin; Gonçalves, Reginaldo Bruno

doi:10.1563/aaid-joi-d-18-00009

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…It suggests that e-cigarette vapor may enhance the capacity of C. albicans to evade epithelial cell defenses by promoting overgrowth and transition (Figure 7). E-cigarettes have already been shown to produce negative effects on different cell types, including gingival fibroblasts [39], epithelial cells [20], endothelial cells [40], and osteoblasts [41]. The present study supports existing data by showing that e-cigarettes affect oral microbial behaviors by stimulating their pathogenesis through overgrowth, transition, and the expression of virulent genes, such as SAPs .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

E-Cigarettes Increase Candida albicans Growth and Modulate its Interaction with Gingival Epithelial Cells

Alanazi

Semlali

Chmielewski

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vapor comes in contact with the different constituents of the oral cavity, including such microorganisms as Candida albicans. We examined the impact of e-cigarettes on C. albicans growth and expression of different virulent genes, such as secreted aspartic proteases (SAPs), and the effect of e-cigarette vapor-exposed C. albicans on gingival epithelial cell morphology, growth, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. An increase in C. albicans growth was observed with nicotine-rich e-cigarettes compared with non-exposed cultures. Following exposure to e-cigarette vapor, C. albicans produced high levels of chitin. E-cigarettes also increased C. albicans hyphal length and the expression of SAP2, SAP3, and SAP9 genes. When in contact with gingival epithelial cells, e-cigarette-exposed C. albicans adhered better to epithelial cells than the control. Indirect contact between e-cigarette-exposed C. albicans and gingival epithelial cells led to epithelial cell differentiation, reduced cell growth, and increased LDH activity. Overall, results indicate that e-cigarettes may interact with C. albicans to promote their pathogenesis, which may increase the risk of oral candidiasis in e-cigarette users.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

E-Cigarettes Increase Candida albicans Growth and Modulate its Interaction with Gingival Epithelial Cells

Alanazi

Semlali

Chmielewski

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…Increased levels of caspase-3 protein following exposure of the osteoblasts to cigarette smoke or e-cig vapor was also responsible for the adverse effects on osteoblast dental implant material interaction. Collectively, although impairments in interaction of osteoblasts and titanium implant disks were observed upon exposure to e-cig vapor, the adverse effects of cigarette smoke on osteoblast growth, attachment, ALP, and mineralized degradation were greater than those of the nicotine-rich and nicotine free e-cig vapors [63].…”

Section: In Vitro Studies On Effects Of E-cigs On Oral Cells and Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Their Relevance in Oral Health

Farsalinos

Poulas

2019

Toxics

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The number and popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and especially e-cigarettes (e-cigs) have been increasing in the last decade. Although ENDS owe their popularity to excluding the harmful chemicals that are present in tobacco smoke, there is a debate whether they are safe, regulated, and as harmless as they are assumed to be and have potential unknown long-term effects. Involvement of cigarette smoking to the progression of periodontal diseases, other adverse oral health outcomes, and its detrimental effects to oral health are well-described. ENDS producer companies claim that these products can improve oral health by providing alternatives to smoking. However, the effect of e-cigs on oral health is not fully understood and is still debated among many scientists and clinicians. The number of studies addressing the potential toxic effect of ENDS or e-cig aerosol on oral cells is limited along with the clinical studies which are still preliminary, and their sample size is limited. The long-term effects of inhaled aerosols and the potential synergistic effect of the e-cigs components are not known. It is essential and of utmost importance to determine whether exposure to ENDS aerosol contributes to the progression of periodontal diseases and how it affects periodontal ligament and gingival cells which are believed to be its first targets. This review briefly summarizes the available evidence about the effects of e-cigs on periodontal health including several pathophysiological events, such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, cellular senescence, dysregulated repair, and periodontal diseases.

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“…We delivered the smoke of half a cigarette into the chamber, with an approximate 20 s burning time. For e‐vapor and cigarette smoke, the exposure was twice a day for 15 min, as previously reported (Rouabhia, Alanazi, Park, & Gonçalves, 2019). As controls, S. mutans cultures were placed into a smoke‐free/e‐vapor‐free chamber for the same duration as the assay conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic cigarette vapor increases Streptococcus mutans growth, adhesion, biofilm formation, and expression of the biofilm‐associated genes

Rouabhia

Semlali

2020

Oral Diseases

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Objective It still not known whether electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) contribute to dental caries. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of e‐cigarettes on the growth of Streptococcus mutans, the formation of biofilm, and the expression of certain virulence genes. Materials and Methods Streptococcus mutans cells were exposed or not to e‐cigarettes with and without nicotine or to cigarette smoke twice a day for 15 min each exposure period. The bacterial growth and the expression of glucosyltranferase, competence, and glucan‐binding genes were evaluated after 24 hr. Biofilm formation was assessed after 1, 2, and 3 days. S. mutans adhesion and growth to e‐cigarette exposed human teeth were assessed. Results We observed an increase in S. mutans growth with e‐cigarettes, mainly at the early culture period. This was confirmed by an increase of biofilm mass ranging from 8 ± 0.5 mg with the control to 47 ± 5 mg after six exposures to nicotine‐rich e‐cigarettes. S. mutans cells adhered better to e‐cigarette exposed teeth. E‐cigarettes increased the expression of glucosyltranferase, competence, and glucan‐binding genes. Conclusions E‐cigarettes increased the growth of S. mutans and the expression of virulent genes. E‐cigarettes promoted the adhesion to, and formation of biofilms on teeth surfaces.

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Cigarette Smoke and E-Cigarette Vapor Dysregulate Osteoblast Interaction With Titanium Dental Implant Surface

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

E-Cigarettes Increase Candida albicans Growth and Modulate its Interaction with Gingival Epithelial Cells

E-Cigarettes Increase Candida albicans Growth and Modulate its Interaction with Gingival Epithelial Cells

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Their Relevance in Oral Health

Electronic cigarette vapor increases Streptococcus mutans growth, adhesion, biofilm formation, and expression of the biofilm‐associated genes

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