Cidades e pandemias: uma história sem fim?

Hardt, Letícia Peret Antunes; Hardt, Carlos; Hardt, Marlos

doi:10.23900/2359-1552v1n1-cidade-pandemia-1-2020

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…For example, comparable DI values close to 1 with different accuracy can lead to unfair benefits distribution by producing more error in one group than the other. Equal opportunity difference (EOD) attempts to address this by comparing true-positive rates (sensitivity) . We chose to compare true-positive rate rather than false-positive rate because positive outcome is more desirable in our study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Methods to Reduce Bias From Clinical Prediction Models of Postpartum Depression

Park

Singh

et al. 2021

JAMA Netw Open

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IMPORTANCEThe lack of standards in methods to reduce bias for clinical algorithms presents various challenges in providing reliable predictions and in addressing health disparities. OBJECTIVE To evaluate approaches for reducing bias in machine learning models using a real-world clinical scenario. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSHealth data for this cohort study were obtained from the IBM MarketScan Medicaid Database. Eligibility criteria were as follows: (1) Female individuals aged 12 to 55 years with a live birth record identified by delivery-related codes from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2018; (2) greater than 80% enrollment through pregnancy to 60 days post partum; and (3) evidence of coverage for depression screening and mental health services. Statistical analysis was performed in 2020. EXPOSURES Binarized race (Black individuals and White individuals). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Machine learning models (logistic regression [LR], randomforest, and extreme gradient boosting) were trained for 2 binary outcomes: postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum mental health service utilization. Risk-adjusted generalized linear models were used for each outcome to assess potential disparity in the cohort associated with binarized race (Black or White). Methods for reducing bias, including reweighing, Prejudice Remover, and removing race from the models, were examined by analyzing changes in fairness metrics compared with the base models. Baseline characteristics of female individuals at the top-predicted risk decile were compared for systematic differences. Fairness metrics of disparate impact (DI, 1 indicates fairness) and equal opportunity difference (EOD, 0 indicates fairness). RESULTS Among 573 634 female individuals initially examined for this study, 314 903 were White (54.9%), 217 899 were Black (38.0%), and the mean (SD) age was 26.1 (5.5) years. The risk-adjusted odds ratio comparing White participants with Black participants was 2.06 (95% CI, 2.02-2.10) for clinically recognized PPD and 1.37 (95% CI, 1.33-1.40) for postpartum mental health service utilization. Taking the LR model for PPD prediction as an example, reweighing reduced bias as measured by improved DI and EOD metrics from 0.31 and −0.19 to 0.79 and 0.02, respectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Methods to Reduce Bias From Clinical Prediction Models of Postpartum Depression

Park

Singh

et al. 2021

JAMA Netw Open

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Equivalent inductance model for the design analysis of electrodynamic suspension coils for hyperloop

Lim

Lee

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Hyperloop is a new concept of ground transportation. In Hyperloop, travelling occurs in near-vacuum tubes under 0.001 atm at a subsonic speed of up to 1200 km/h. During acceleration to and driving at a subsonic speed, magnetic levitation is employed. Thus far, various levitation technologies in existing high-speed maglev trains have been considered. Among those technologies, superconducting (SC) electrodynamic suspension (EDS) is a highly effective levitation system for Hyperloop owing to its advantages of a large levitation gap, levitation stability, and control being unnecessary. However, analyzing an EDS system requires the electromagnetic transient analysis of complex three-dimensional (3D) features, and its computational load generally limits the use of numerical methods, such as the 3D finite element method (FEM) or dynamic circuit theory. In this study, a novel model that can rapidly and accurately calculate the frequency-dependent equivalent inductance was developed. The developed model was then applied to design an EDS system using the decoupled resistance-inductance equations of levitation coils. Next, levitation coils of SC-EDS were designed and analyzed for use in Hyperloop. The obtained results were compared with the FEM results to validate the developed model. In addition, the model was experimentally validated by measuring currents induced by moving pods.

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Cidades e pandemias: uma história sem fim?

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of Methods to Reduce Bias From Clinical Prediction Models of Postpartum Depression

Comparison of Methods to Reduce Bias From Clinical Prediction Models of Postpartum Depression

Equivalent inductance model for the design analysis of electrodynamic suspension coils for hyperloop

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