Chrysophanic acid reduces testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats by suppressing 5α-reductase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase

Youn, Dong‐Hyun; Park, Jin Bong; Kim, Hye-Lin; Jung, Yoon Suk; Kang, JongWook; Jeong, Mi-Young; Sethi, Gautam; Ahn, Kwang Seok; Um, Jae‐Young

doi:10.18632/oncotarget.13430

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Immunohistochemical analysis was performed as previously described (31). Antibodies for translocase of the outer membrane subunit 20 (TOM20) and UCP1, -2, and -3 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.…”

Section: Immunohistochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vanillic acid attenuates obesityviaactivation of the AMPK pathway and thermogenic factorsin vivoandin vitro

et al. 2018

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Energy expenditure is a target gaining recent interest for obesity treatment. The antiobesity effect of vanillic acid (VA), a well-known flavoring agent, was investigated in vivo and in vitro. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and genetically obese db/db mice showed significantly decreased body weights after VA administration. Two major adipogenic markers, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), were reduced while the key factor of energy metabolism, AMPKα, was increased in the white adipose tissue and liver tissue of VA-treated mice. Furthermore, VA inhibited lipid accumulation and reduced hepatotoxic/inflammatory markers in liver tissues of mice and HepG2 hepatocytes. VA treatment also decreased differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating adipogenic factors including PPARγ and C/EBPα. AMPKα small interfering RNA was used to examine whether AMPK was associated with the actions of VA. In AMPKα-nulled 3T3-L1 cells, the inhibitory action of VA on PPARγ and C/EBPα was attenuated. Furthermore, in brown adipose tissues of mice and primary cultured brown adipocytes, VA increased mitochondria- and thermogenesis-related factors such as uncoupling protein 1 and PPARγ-coactivator 1-α. Taken together, our results suggest that VA has potential as an AMPKα- and thermogenesis-activating antiobesity agent.-Jung, Y., Park, J., Kim, H.-L., Sim, J.-E., Youn, D.-H., Kang, J., Lim, S., Jeong, M.-Y., Yang, W. M., Lee, S.-G., Ahn, K. S., Um, J.-Y. Vanillic acid attenuates obesity via activation of the AMPK pathway and thermogenic factors in vivo and in vitro.

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Section: Immunohistochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vanillic acid attenuates obesityviaactivation of the AMPK pathway and thermogenic factorsin vivoandin vitro

et al. 2018

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“…Male SD rats 5 mg/kg In vivo [99] anthraquinone were not significantly different. However, in the CCl 4 -induced liver injury mice, the C max and AUC 0~∞ were significantly increased.…”

Section: Mouse Osteoblast Unknownmentioning

confidence: 81%

Chrysophanol: a review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics

Xie

Tang

Song

et al. 2019

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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Objective Chrysophanol is a natural anthraquinone, also known as chrysophanic acid and 1,8‐dihydroxy‐3‐methyl‐anthraquinone. It has been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical fields. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetic researches of chrysophanol. Key finding Information on chrysophanol was collected from the Internet database PubMed, Elsevier, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library and Europe PM using a combination of keywords including ‘pharmacology’, ‘toxicology’ and ‘pharmacokinetics’. The literature we collected included from January 2010 to June 2019. Chrysophanol has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, including anticancer, antioxidation, neuroprotection, antibacterial and antiviral, and regulating blood lipids. However, chrysophanol has obvious hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, and pharmacokinetics indicate that the use of chrysophanol in combination with other drugs can reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy. Summary Chrysophanol can be used in many diseases. Future research directions include how the concentration of chrysophanol affects pharmacological effects and toxicity; the mechanism of synergy between chrysophanol and other drugs.

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“…Next, we established a vitro model for BPH using normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cells for further studies. Results from our previous report showed that TP treatment induced the proliferation of RWPE-1 cells [ 39 ]. To find the most effective concentration of TP, we treated the RWPE-1 cells with various concentrations of TP and evaluated the changes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vanillic acid attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats and inhibits proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells

et al. 2017

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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in the male population, especially in elderly men. Vanillic acid (VA), a dihydroxybenzoic derivative used as a flavoring agent, is reported to have an anti-inflammatory effect. However, there are no reports of its effects on BPH to date. BPH was induced with a pre-4-week treatment of daily subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate (TP), and the normal control group received injections of ethanol with corn oil instead. Six weeks of further injections were done with (a) ethanol with corn oil, (b) TP only, (c) TP + finasteride, and (d) TP + VA. Finasteride was used as a positive control group. VA had protective effects on the TP-induced BPH. In the VA treatment group, the prostate weight was reduced, and the histological changes including the epithelial thickness and lumen area were restored like in the normal control group. Furthermore, in the VA treatment group, two proliferation related factors, high molecular weight cytokeratin 34βE12 and α smooth muscle actin, were significantly down-regulated compared to the TP-induced BPH group. The expressions of dihydrotestosterone and 5α-reductase, the most crucial factors in BPH development, were suppressed by VA treatment. Expressions of the androgen receptor, estrogen receptor α and steroid receptor coactivator 1 were also significantly inhibited by VA compared to the TP-induced BPH group. In addition, we established an in vitro model for BPH by treating a normal human prostatic epithelial cell line RWPE-1 with TP. VA successfully inhibited proliferation and BPH-related factors in a concentration-dependent manner in this newly established model. These results suggest a new and potential pharmaceutical therapy of VA in the treatment of BPH.

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Chrysophanic acid reduces testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats by suppressing 5α-reductase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase

Cited by 25 publications

References 48 publications

Vanillic acid attenuates obesityviaactivation of the AMPK pathway and thermogenic factorsin vivoandin vitro

Vanillic acid attenuates obesityviaactivation of the AMPK pathway and thermogenic factorsin vivoandin vitro

Chrysophanol: a review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics

Vanillic acid attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats and inhibits proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells

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