Chronology and development of the Chalcolithic necropolis of Varna I

Krauß, Raiko; Schmid, Clemens; Kirschenheuter, David; Abele, Jonas; Slavchev, Vladimir; Weninger, Bernhard

doi:10.4312/dp.44.17

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Also, there are very few archaeological signs of the existence of specialized fighters or warriors (Schulting 2013). Potential specialized weapons in male burials began to appear more frequently in the form of shaft-hole axes only in the fifth millennium, after 4750 BC during the Late Neolithic in some regions of southeast Europe (Osztás et al 2016;Zalai-Gaál et al 2012), most notably in the form of copper axes during the middle of the fifth millennium during Copper Age in the Carpathian Basin and the Balkans (Bognár-Kutzián 1963;Krauß et al 2017). However, the popularity of such copper shaft-hole axes ceased after the fifth millennium, and it was only by the second half of the fourth millennium BC that specialized weapons in the form of battle axes, daggers, and halberds (i.e., daggers shafted like axes, see Dolfini et al 2018;Horn 2018) became more frequent.…”

Section: The Third Millennium Bc Social Transformation In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility and Social Change: Understanding the European Neolithic Period after the Archaeogenetic Revolution

Furholt

2021

J Archaeol Res

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This paper discusses and synthesizes the consequences of the archaeogenetic revolution to our understanding of mobility and social change during the Neolithic period in Europe (6500–2000 BC). In spite of major obstacles to a productive integration of archaeological and anthropological knowledge with ancient DNA data, larger changes in the European gene pool are detected and taken as indications for large-scale migrations during two major periods: the Early Neolithic expansion into Europe (6500–4000 BC) and the third millennium BC “steppe migration.” Rather than massive migration events, I argue that both major genetic turnovers are better understood in terms of small-scale mobility and human movement in systems of population circulation, social fission and fusion of communities, and translocal interaction, which together add up to a large-scale signal. At the same time, I argue that both upticks in mobility are initiated by the two most consequential social transformations that took place in Eurasia, namely the emergence of farming, animal husbandry, and sedentary village life during the Neolithic revolution and the emergence of systems of centralized political organization during the process of urbanization and early state formation in southwest Asia.

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Section: The Third Millennium Bc Social Transformation In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility and Social Change: Understanding the European Neolithic Period after the Archaeogenetic Revolution

Furholt

2021

J Archaeol Res

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“…Also in 1986 essentially the same (Chi-squared) method was applied to stratified 14 C-ages from Tell Dipsis (Bulgaria), Niederwil (Switzerland) and Arslantepe (Turkey), as well as to historically seriated 14 C-data from the Egyptian 1 st Dynasty [33]. An important drawback of these earliest applications, however, was the difficulty in determining the statistical uncertainties of the dating results, but which can be overcome by including a Monte-Carlo simulation of the different error sources [34]. Hence, despite a steadily increasing number of extensions and modifications applied over the years (e.g.…”

Section: Stratigraphic 14 C-based Age-depth Modelling At Sindosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, despite a steadily increasing number of extensions and modifications applied over the years (e.g. [1] [2] [3] [34]), the GMWCM-procedure is still today based on essentially the same method as it was, some 30 years ago. As illustrated (schematically) in Eq (1), the approach taken is to minimize the statistical distance (on the 14 C-scale) between the discretely measured sequence of tree-ring (or archaeological) samples that have 14 C-ages D i ± σ(D) i [BP], but unknown calendric ages, and the continuous (e.g.…”

Section: Stratigraphic 14 C-based Age-depth Modelling At Sindosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon dating the Greek Protogeometric and Geometric periods: The evidence of Sindos

Gimatzidis

Weninger

2020

PLoS ONE

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Mediterranean Early Iron Age chronology was mainly constructed by means of Greek Protogeometric and Geometric ceramic wares, which are widely used for chronological correlations with the Aegean. However, Greek Early Iron Age chronology that is exclusively based on historical evidence in the eastern Mediterranean as well as in the contexts of Greek colonisation in Sicily has not yet been tested by extended series of radiocarbon dates from welldated stratified contexts in the Aegean. Due to the high chronological resolution that is only achievable by (metric-scale) stratigraphic 14 C-age-depth modelling, the analysis of 21 14 C-AMS dates on stratified animal bones from Sindos (northern Greece) shows results that immediately challenge the conventional Greek chronology. Based on pottery-style comparisons with other sites, the new dates for Sindos not only indicate a generally higher Aegean Early Iron Age chronology, but also imply the need for a revised understanding of the Greek periodisation system that will foreseeably have a major impact on our understanding of Greek and Mediterranean history.

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“…Six dates were performed on bulk samples less than 1 cm thick collected along the peat at intervals of 20 cm. The seventh date was performed on a wood sample taken at a depth of 2.40 m. For age-depth modeling, we applied the method of Gaussian Monte Carlo Wiggle Matching (GMCWM) (Benz et al, 2012; Krauß et al, 2017; Weninger et al, 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human impact and landscape changes between 3000 and 1000 BC on the Tropea Promontory (Calabria, Italy)

et al. 2021

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Pollen data were collected from a one-meter peat succession recovered from the top of the Tropea Promontory (Calabria), a territory continuously inhabited throughout Prehistory and Protohistory. The peat was deposited in a small pond/marsh that was gradually filled up. Six 14C dates allowed the peat growth to be constrained to between ca. 3000 and 1000 calBC. Considerable landscape and land use changes occurred in the area in that time interval, due to both environmental changes and intensive human activities. An open landscape with scattered oak woods characterized the high plain, whereas on the wet soils surrounding the marsh, wet woodlands ( Alnus), and hygrophilous vegetation (Cyperaceae) developed, their relative abundance being used to mark the local environmental evolution. The occurrence of different anthropogenic indicators reveals that the area was exploited for agricultural practices (cereal cultivation) and livestock grazing, the latter being the main activity practiced around the marsh between the Eneolithic (stable settlements) and the Early-Middle Bronze Age (seasonal presence). The possibility of climatic influence on the peat evolution was studied by comparisons with well-dated isotope records. The marsh contraction phase roughly coincides with the 4.2 ka calBP event, while the end of peat accumulation postdates the 3.0 ka calBP rapid climate change event.

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Chronology and development of the Chalcolithic necropolis of Varna I

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Mobility and Social Change: Understanding the European Neolithic Period after the Archaeogenetic Revolution

Mobility and Social Change: Understanding the European Neolithic Period after the Archaeogenetic Revolution

Radiocarbon dating the Greek Protogeometric and Geometric periods: The evidence of Sindos

Human impact and landscape changes between 3000 and 1000 BC on the Tropea Promontory (Calabria, Italy)

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