Chronological and Isotopic data support a revision for the timing of cave bear extinction in Mediterranean Europe

Terlato, Gabriele; Bocherens, Hervé; Romandini, Matteo; Nannini, Nicola; Hobson, Keith A.; Peresani, Marco

doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1448395

Cited by 31 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…; Terlato et al . ). Each simulation was run with 10 000 iterations using starting demographic values and their standard deviations to account for parameter uncertainty.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Terlato et al . ), in the sensitivity analyses, we chose as the best‐fit model the one closest to the MVP (100 individuals) at the last timestep.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), which went extinct at the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; Pacher & Stuart ; Terlato et al . ). The European archaeological record shows evidence of cave bear individuals that were killed by Palaeolithic hunters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Terlato et al . ), and to show that PVA is a powerful method helping to understand the determinants of extinction in fossil species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It evolved from Ursus deningeri during the Middle Pleistocene (Mazza & Rustioni 1994;Bon et al 2011). Ursus spelaeus includes a complex of at least four closely related species or subspecies (Stiller et al 2014), which went extinct at the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; Pacher & Stuart 2009;Terlato et al 2018). The European archaeological record shows evidence of cave bear individuals that were killed by Palaeolithic hunters.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Additive effects of climate change and human hunting explain population decline and extinction in cave bears

Mondanaro

Febbraro

Melchionna

et al. 2019

Boreas

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Cave bears (Ursus spelaeus) are an iconic component of the European late Quaternary Ice Age megafauna. Recent demographic analyses based on cave bear mtDNA sequences and refined radiocarbon dating indicate that cave bear population size and genetic diversity started to decline some 50 kilo years ago (kya). Hence, neither the coldest phase of the last glaciation (started some 24 kya), nor the colonization of Europe by Palaeolithic hunters (started some 45 kya) coincides with the beginning of population decline. Here, we reconstructed cave bear climatic niche evolution through time. Then, we performed spatially explicit population viability analyses to assess cave bear demographics through time in response to climatic changes, human effects on bear survival and their combination. We found that climate change was responsible for a 10‐fold decrease in cave bear population size after 40 kya. However, climate change on its own could not explain U. spelaeus extinction at 24 kya. Additional negative effects consistent with human population expansion are required to explain both U. spelaeus' retreat from eastern Europe since 40 kya and its final extinction.

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“…; Terlato et al . ). Each simulation was run with 10 000 iterations using starting demographic values and their standard deviations to account for parameter uncertainty.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Terlato et al . ), in the sensitivity analyses, we chose as the best‐fit model the one closest to the MVP (100 individuals) at the last timestep.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Terlato et al . ), and to show that PVA is a powerful method helping to understand the determinants of extinction in fossil species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additive effects of climate change and human hunting explain population decline and extinction in cave bears

Mondanaro

Febbraro

Melchionna

et al. 2019

Boreas

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Exploring late Paleolithic and Mesolithic diet in the Eastern Alpine region of Italy through multiple proxies

Oxilia

Bortolini

Badino

et al. 2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: The analysis of prehistoric human dietary habits is key for understanding the effects of paleoenvironmental changes on the evolution of cultural and social human behaviors. In this study, we compare results from zooarchaeological, stable isotope and dental calculus analyses as well as lower second molar macrowear patterns to gain a broader understanding of the diet of three individuals who lived between the end of the Late Pleistocene and the Early Holocene (ca., 17-8 ky cal BP) in the Eastern Alpine region of Italy. Materials and methods: We analyze individuals buried at the sites of Riparo Tagliente (Verona), Riparo Villabruna, and Mondeval de Sora (Belluno). The three burials provide

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Cave bear occupation in Schwabenreith Cave, Austria, during the early last glacial: constraints from ²³⁰Th/U‐dated speleothems

Spötl

Rabeder

Reimer

2019

J Quaternary Science

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The cave bear was a prominent member of the Upper Pleistocene fauna in Eurasia. While breakthroughs were recently achieved with respect to its phylogeny using ancient DNA techniques, it is still challenging to date cave bear fossils beyond the radiocarbon age range. Without an accurate and precise chronological framework, however, key questions regarding the palaeoecology cannot be addressed, such as the extent to which large climate swings during the last glacial affected the habitat and possibly even conditioned the final extinction of this mammal. Key to constraining the age of cave bear fossils older than the lower limit of radiocarbon dating is to date interlayered speleothems using 230Th/U. Here we report new results from one such site in the Eastern European Alps (Schwabenreith Cave), which yielded the highest density of bones of cave bear (Ursus spelaeus eremus). Although dating of the flowstones overlying this fossiliferous succession was partly compromised by diagenetic alteration, the 230Th/U dates indicate that the bear hibernated in this cave after about 113 ka and before about 109 ka. This time interval coincides with the equivalent of Greenland Stadial 25, suggesting possible climate control on the cave bear's habitat and behaviour. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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Chronological and Isotopic data support a revision for the timing of cave bear extinction in Mediterranean Europe

Cited by 31 publications

References 67 publications

Additive effects of climate change and human hunting explain population decline and extinction in cave bears

Additive effects of climate change and human hunting explain population decline and extinction in cave bears

Exploring late Paleolithic and Mesolithic diet in the Eastern Alpine region of Italy through multiple proxies

Cave bear occupation in Schwabenreith Cave, Austria, during the early last glacial: constraints from ²³⁰Th/U‐dated speleothems

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Chronological and Isotopic data support a revision for the timing of cave bear extinction in Mediterranean Europe

Cited by 31 publications

References 67 publications

Additive effects of climate change and human hunting explain population decline and extinction in cave bears

Additive effects of climate change and human hunting explain population decline and extinction in cave bears

Exploring late Paleolithic and Mesolithic diet in the Eastern Alpine region of Italy through multiple proxies

Cave bear occupation in Schwabenreith Cave, Austria, during the early last glacial: constraints from 230Th/U‐dated speleothems

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Cave bear occupation in Schwabenreith Cave, Austria, during the early last glacial: constraints from ²³⁰Th/U‐dated speleothems