Chronoamperometric Study of the Films Formed by 4,4‘-Bipyridyl Cation Radical Salts on Mercury in the Presence of Iodide Ions:  Consecutive Two-Dimensional Phase Transitions

Abstract

This paper reports a new mathematical model for consecutive two-dimensional phase transitions that accounts for the chronoamperometric behavior observed in the formation of electrochemical phases by 4,4'-bipyridyl cation radical (BpyH(2)(*)(+)) on mercury in aqueous iodide solutions. Also, a new interpretation for the induction time is proposed.

Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

“…7a are obtained from potassium or calcium channel in cells by using two electrodes in clamps located inside and outside the cell and applying different potential steps. 100 Many different carbon based films, monolayers or bilayers, as films of super-giant single-walled carbon nanotubes 27,105 or monolayers of any viologen, 4,4 -Bipyridine (Bpy), or of its alkyl derivatives, 106 adsorbed on mercury electrodes, show similar structural responses when oxidized or reduced in the presence of electrolytes. Electrochemical phase transformations between crystals of carbon coated TCNQ compounds 107 also present similar structural responses.…”

Structural and Conformational Chemistry from Electrochemical Molecular Machines. Replicating Biological Functions. A Review

“…Graphene films absorbed on fibroin meshes, show structural voltammetric and chronoamperometric responses. Bipyridyl monolayers adsorbed on mercury electrodes also present structural chronoamperometric responses ,…”

“…Those unusual electrochemical responses were attributed to structural memory effects, relaxation processes,,, hysteresis effects,, or first cycle effect,, being considered as “anomalous” electrochemical responses ,,,. Similar singular electrochemical responses were also attained from carbon nanotubes, graphenes, or bipyridyl bilayers . Consequently only a few research groups have been interested on the theoretical description of those anomalous responses.…”

“…During reactions the polymer‐ion relative composition change driving the shift of the value of any composition‐dependent property of the material. They replicate biological functional reactions, biological functions and biological organs ,. Several properties of the dense gel change simultaneously in a uniform device driven by the same reaction giving unparalleled artificial multi‐tool devices.…”

Capacidad sensora de las reacciones electroquímicas del polipirrol : hacia el origen de la propiocepción natural y artificial.

“…Afortunadamente, desde la década de 1980 hemos asistido a un crecimiento exponencial en la ciencia y la ingeniería de nuevos materiales, que han permitido la síntesis y el desarrollado de materiales que, mediante reacciones electroquímicas, provocan movimientos conformacionales de sus moléculas o estructuras constituyentes. Entre ellos se encuentran los polímeros conductores [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] , las sales bipiridínicas [34] , los nanotubos de carbono [34][35][36] o los grafenos [35,[37][38][39][40][41] , y otros. La mayoría de ellos forman películas conductoras, o pueden ser atrapados en polímeros para formar películas conductoras.…”