Chronic Venous Disease and Varicose Veins

Pires, Maíra Faria Braga; Nogueira, Raquel Ferreira; Navarro, Túlio Pinho

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46059-8_14

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…When viscosity changes, blood pressure changes [ 49 , 50 ]. The tissue damage presents as the damage of muscles, ligaments, and tendons due to more or less blood flow in smaller veins [ 2 , 12 ]. When the blood flow is normal, then no tissue damage will occur.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of surgery works by transporting laser light spurts in to the veins, or a thin catheter can be inserted into an enlarged varicose vein and the high temperature of the catheter tip treats these veins with radiofrequency or laser. It is a non-invasive method, but there is a risk of hyperpigmentation [ 2 , 7 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This treatment comes with a rapid onset of side effects after surgery which include pain, tissue damage, bruising, skin discoloration, and swelling. After-effects are very severe with ligation and stripping [ 2 , 12 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sinusoidal Microchannel with Descending Curves for Varicose Veins Implantation

et al. 2018

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Approximately 26% of adult people, mostly females, are affected by varicose veins in old age. It is a common reason for distress, loss of efficiency, and worsening living conditions. Several traditional treatment techniques (sclerotherapy and foam sclerotherapy of large veins, laser surgeries and radiofrequency ablation, vein ligation and stripping, ambulatory phlebectomy, and endoscopic vein surgery) have failed to handle this disease effectively. Herein, authors have presented an alternative varicose vein implant method—the descending sinusoidal microchannel (DSMC). DSMC was simulated by Fuzzy logic MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) and ANSYS (ANSYS 18.2, perpetual license purchased by Ibadat Education Trust, The University of Lahore, Pakistan) with real and actual conditions. After simulations of DSMC, fabrication and testing were performed. The silver DSMC was manufactured by utilizing a micromachining procedure. The length, width, and depth of the silver substrate were 51 mm, 25 mm, and 1.1 mm, respectively. The measurements of the DSMC channel in the silver wafer substrate were 0.9 mm in width and 0.9 mm in depth. The three descending curves of the DSMC were 7 mm, 6 mm, and 5 mm in height. For pressure, actual conditions were carefully taken as 1.0 kPa to 1.5 kPa for varicose veins. For velocity, actual conditions were carefully taken as 0.02 m/s to 0.07 m/s for these veins. These are real and standard values used in simulations and experiments. At Reynolds number 323, the flow rate and velocity were determined as 1001.0 (0.1 nL/s), 11.4 cm/s and 1015.3 (0.1 nL/s), 12.19 cm/s by MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) and ANSYS simulations, respectively. The flow rate and velocity were determined to be 995.3 (0.1 nL/s) and 12.2 cm/s, respectively, at the same Reynolds number (323) in the experiment. Moreover, the Dean number was also calculated to observe Dean vortices. All simulated and experimental results were in close agreement. Consequently, DSMC can be implanted in varicose veins as a new treatment to preserve excellent blood flow in human legs from the original place to avoid tissue damage and other problems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sinusoidal Microchannel with Descending Curves for Varicose Veins Implantation

et al. 2018

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“…In China, 8.9% of the population suffer from venous disorders of the lower extremities, with an annual illness rate of 0.5-3.0%, of which leg ulcerations account approximately 1.5% (Liu, Guo, Lao, & Little, 2016). The prevalence of CVI is generally far higher in women than in men (Özdemir & Surmeli, 2017), exhibits a consistent global increase, owing to the growing aging population and increasing prevalence of risk factors, such as diabetes, smoking, cancer, obesity, and arthritis (Pires, Nogueira, & Navarro, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic compression materials and wound dressings for chronic venous insufficiency: A comprehensive review

Liu

Lao

2019

J Biomed Mater Res

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Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a common disorder worldwide. Related pathophysiological mechanisms reportedly involve venous pooling and reduced venous return, leading to heaviness, aching, itchiness, tiredness, varicosities, pigmentation, and even lower limb ulceration. Approaches adopted to manage CVI at various stages of clinical‐etiology‐anatomy‐pathophysiology include compression therapy, pharmacological treatment, ultrasound treatment, surgery, electrical or wireless microcurrent stimulation, and pulsed electromagnetic treatment. Among these, polymer‐based therapeutic compression materials and wound dressings play increasingly key roles in treating all stages of CVI because of their unique physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological functions. However, the characteristics, working mechanisms, and effectiveness of these CVI treatment materials are not comprehensively understood. The present systematic review examines the structures, properties, types, and applications of various polymer‐based compression materials and wound dressings used in prophylaxis and treatment of CVI. Existing problems, limitations, and future trends of CVI treatment materials are also discussed. This review could contribute to the design and application of new functional polymer materials and dressings to enhance the efficiency of CVI treatments, thereby facilitating patients' self‐care ability and long‐term health improvement.

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“…Hence, pressure in tortuous veins become larger. Therefore, smaller tortuous veins, that feed these varicose veins, can be injured underneath the skin, and due to this issue, the tissue can be damaged [ 61 ]. In this study, there is a novel solution for this problem; to use a stent, also called the bioengineered vein in these tortuous veins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation, Fabrication and Analysis of Silver Based Ascending Sinusoidal Microchannel (ASMC) for Implant of Varicose Veins

et al. 2017

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Bioengineered veins can benefit humans needing bypass surgery, dialysis, and now, in the treatment of varicose veins. The implant of this vein in varicose veins has significant advantages over the conventional treatment methods. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), vein patch repair, pulmonary embolus, and tissue-damaging problems can be solved with this implant. Here, the authors have proposed biomedical microdevices as an alternative for varicose veins. MATLAB and ANSYS Fluent have been used for simulations of blood flow for bioengineered veins. The silver based microchannel has been fabricated by using a micromachining process. The dimensions of the silver substrates are 51 mm, 25 mm, and 1.1 mm, in length, width, and depth respectively. The dimensions of microchannels grooved in the substrates are 0.9 mm in width and depth. The boundary conditions for pressure and velocity were considered, from 1.0 kPa to 1.50 kPa, and 0.02 m/s to 0.07 m/s, respectively. These are the actual values of pressure and velocity in varicose veins. The flow rate of 5.843 (0.1 nL/s) and velocity of 5.843 cm/s were determined at Reynolds number 164.88 in experimental testing. The graphs and results from simulations and experiments are in close agreement. These microchannels can be inserted into varicose veins as a replacement to maintain the excellent blood flow in human legs.

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Chronic Venous Disease and Varicose Veins

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Sinusoidal Microchannel with Descending Curves for Varicose Veins Implantation

Sinusoidal Microchannel with Descending Curves for Varicose Veins Implantation

Therapeutic compression materials and wound dressings for chronic venous insufficiency: A comprehensive review

Simulation, Fabrication and Analysis of Silver Based Ascending Sinusoidal Microchannel (ASMC) for Implant of Varicose Veins

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