Chronic Solar Dermatosis: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study of the Dermis*

Mitchell, Ruth

doi:10.1038/jid.1967.33

Cited by 170 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In the present study we used transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with a sensitive (albeit, indirect) biochemical assay to compare structural features of the collagen in severely photodamaged skin and in matched sun-protected skin from the same individuals. Consistent with past reports, [32][33][34]37 large bundles of collagenous fibers were present throughout the dermis of sun-protected skin. Healthy fibroblasts in intimate contact with the collagen bundles could be seen (Figure 1, A and C).…”

Section: Collagen Destruction Is Increased In Photodamaged Forearm Sksupporting

confidence: 81%

“…[31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Reductions in both the number and size of the collagen fiber bundles as well as ultrastructural abnormalities in the collagen fibrils themselves have been noted. However, the presence of elastotic material often masks structural evidence of damage, and makes quantification of damage difficult.…”

Section: Collagen Destruction Is Increased In Photodamaged Forearm Skmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibition of Type I Procollagen Synthesis by Damaged Collagen in Photoaged Skin and by Collagenase-Degraded Collagen in Vitro

Varani

Spearman

Perone

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Pathology

283

208

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Type I and type III procollagen are reduced in photodamaged human skin. This reduction could result from increased degradation by metalloproteinases and/or from reduced procollagen synthesis. In the present study, we investigated type I procollagen production in photodamaged and sun-protected human skin. Skin samples from severely sun-damaged forearm skin and matched sun-protected hip skin from the same individuals were assessed for type I procollagen gene expression by in situ hybridization and for type I procollagen protein by immunostaining. Both mRNA and protein were reduced (ϳ65 and 57%, respectively) in photodamaged forearm skin compared to sun-protected hip skin. We next investigated whether reduced type I procollagen production was because of inherently reduced capacity of skin fibroblasts in severely photodamaged forearm skin to synthesize procollagen, or whether contextual influences within photodamaged skin act to down-regulate type I procollagen synthesis. For these studies, fibroblasts from photodamaged skin and matched sunprotected skin were established in culture. Equivalent numbers of fibroblasts were isolated from the two skin sites. Fibroblasts from the two sites had similar growth capacities and produced virtually identical amounts of type I procollagen protein. These findings indicate that the lack of type I procollagen synthesis in sun-damaged skin is not because of irreversible damage to fibroblast collagen-synthetic capacity. It follows, therefore, that factors within the severely photodamaged skin may act in some manner to inhibit procollagen production by cells that are inherently capable of doing so. Interactions between fibroblasts and the collagenous extracellular matrix regulate type I procollagen synthesis. In sun-protected skin, collagen fibrils exist as a highly organized matrix. Fibroblasts are found within the matrix, in close apposition with collagen fibers. In photodamaged skin, collagen fibrils are shortened, thinned, and disorganized. The level of partially degraded collagen is ϳ3.6-fold greater in photodamaged skin than in sun-protected skin, and some fibroblasts are surrounded by debris. To model this situation, skin fibroblasts were cultured in vitro on intact collagen or on collagen that had been partially degraded by exposure to collagenolytic enzymes. Collagen that had been partially degraded by exposure to collagenolytic enzymes from either bacteria or human skin underwent contraction in the presence of dermal fibroblasts, whereas intact collagen did not. Fibroblasts cultured on collagen that had been exposed to either source of collagenolytic enzyme demonstrated reduced proliferative capacity (22 and 17% reduction on collagen degraded by bacterial collagenase or human skin collagenase, respectively) and synthesized less type I procollagen (36 and 88% reduction, respectively, on a per cell basis). Taken together, these findings indicate that 1) fibroblasts from photoaged and sun-protected skin are similar in their capacities for growth and type I procollagen productio...

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Section: Collagen Destruction Is Increased In Photodamaged Forearm Sksupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Collagen Destruction Is Increased In Photodamaged Forearm Skmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Type I Procollagen Synthesis by Damaged Collagen in Photoaged Skin and by Collagenase-Degraded Collagen in Vitro

Varani

Spearman

Perone

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Pathology

283

208

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“…Indeed, UV exposure induces a thickening and coiling of elastic fibres in the papillary dermis. These changes also occur in the reticular dermis as a result of chronic UV exposure [59]. Examination by electron microscopy of elastic fibres in UV-exposed skin has revealed a reduction in the number of microfibrils and increases in interfibrillar areas, the complexity of the shape and arrangement of the fibres and the number of electron-dense inclusions [60].…”

Section: Elastinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin ageing and its treatment

Baumann¹

2007

The Journal of Pathology

506

477

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The effects of chronic sun exposure on skin are readily apparent when skin not typically exposed to the sun and skin regularly exposed to the sun are compared. While the sun is not the only aetiological factor in the dynamic process of skin ageing, it is the primary exogenous cause among several internal and environmental elements. Thus, photo-ageing, the main focus of this article, is a subset of extrinsic skin ageing. The influence of the sun in extrinsic skin ageing, as well as its role in potentially altering the normal course of intrinsic (also known as natural or cellular) ageing, is discussed. Telomeres, the specialized structures found at the ends of chromosomes, are believed to be integral to cellular ageing as well as in the development of cancer. The ageing process, both intrinsic and extrinsic, is also believed to be influenced by the formation of free radicals, also known as reactive oxygen species. The loss of collagen is considered the characteristic histological finding in aged skin. Wrinkling and pigmentary changes are directly associated with photo-ageing and are considered its most salient cutaneous manifestations. Such photodamage represents the cutaneous signs of premature ageing. In addition, deleterious consequences of chronic sun exposure, specifically various forms of photo-induced skin cancer, are also linked to acute and chronic sun exposure. The only known strategies aimed at preventing photo-ageing include sun avoidance, using sunscreens to block or reduce skin exposure to UV radiation, using retinoids to inhibit collagenase synthesis and to promote collagen production, and using anti-oxidants, particularly in combination, to reduce and neutralize free radicals.

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“…Described several aspects of quantitative analysis of the EF based on dissection materials (Mongtana, 1973;Mitchell, 1967;Marshall, 1965). In our study, the methods made histochemical simple staining modified from Fullmer (1959) possible with no nuclear staining in which more differentiation between elastic fiber and collagen fiber system could be determined using a photometric 41,000 color analysis software system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the deeper regions, small and large EF bundles were found near the sheath of gland and musdes. Therefore, face movement might be an important aspect to maintaining the EF content of human face skin.While elastic fiber is found in various organs, previous reports have not clearly shown the distribution of EF due to variations; a thickening (Mongtana, 1973), decrease in number and thickness (Mitchell, 1967), and no significance at light microscopic levels (Marshall, 1965), and also specific ultrastructural properties (Stadler et al, 1978;Tsuji and Hamada, 1981) during aging. The majority of previous observations were only obtained from a region beneath the epithelium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Quantitative Morphology of Dermal Elastic Fibers System of the Human Face during Aging

Sato

Ueno

Sunohara

et al. 1997

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

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Summary: Human skin has various distributions and arrangements of elastic fiber (EF). Previous reports did not dearlyshow the distribution of EF in the face skin because of various contents during aging. In this study, a color image analyzer indicated distribution of elastic, oxytalan, and muscle fibers in human face skin. During aging the muscle fiber size and the content of the EF decreased in the modiolus and inferior labial regions of the human skin, and the ratio of the EF was lower than that of oxytalan fiber in measured areas. That is, the dimension of oxytalan fiber may reflect the content of EF, and muscle has a role in the distribution of the EF in human face skin. In the deeper regions, small and large EF bundles were found near the sheath of gland and musdes. Therefore, face movement might be an important aspect to maintaining the EF content of human face skin.While elastic fiber is found in various organs, previous reports have not clearly shown the distribution of EF due to variations; a thickening (Mongtana, 1973), decrease in number and thickness (Mitchell, 1967), and no significance at light microscopic levels (Marshall, 1965), and also specific ultrastructural properties (Stadler et al., 1978;Tsuji and Hamada, 1981) during aging. The majority of previous observations were only obtained from a region beneath the epithelium. Deeper than this, the distribution of elastic fiber has not been examined. Deeper regions contained muscle fibers might change configuration.Our analysis permits more detailed information in a quantitative distribution of elastic fibers taking into consideration of age-related changes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of the elastic fiber in the human face skin from the epidermal area to deeper regions connected to muscle fibers and to relate these findings to morphological properties. Materials and MethodsTwenty adult humans were selected autopsy from donations (males, aged 27 to 70 years of ages) for a histochemical analysis at microscopic and scanning electron microscopic levels. The materials were removed rapidly and immediately fixed in 10% formalin for one day at 4°C. After being washed in water, they were dehydrated in absolute ethyl alcohol and then embedded in paraffin. Serial frontal sections were cut at a thickness of about 3 gm on a rotary microtome. Sections were stained using the following methods: (1) Elasficavan Gieson staining was performed to demonstrate the locations of elastic fibers and (2) Elastica-van Gieson staining after incubation in a preoxidizing solution (pH 1.5), including 0.3% KMn04 and 0.3% H2SO4, was performed to demonstrate oxytalan fibers (a modified version of the method of Fullmer, 1959). Serial sections were observed using a real color image system (Swallo II, Interquest, Osaka, Japan). This system was configured with a color image measurement system using a Victor video camera with control unit and a Digital VX color video monitor linked to alight microscope (Vanox-

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Chronic Solar Dermatosis: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study of the Dermis*

Cited by 170 publications

References 31 publications

Inhibition of Type I Procollagen Synthesis by Damaged Collagen in Photoaged Skin and by Collagenase-Degraded Collagen in Vitro

Inhibition of Type I Procollagen Synthesis by Damaged Collagen in Photoaged Skin and by Collagenase-Degraded Collagen in Vitro

Skin ageing and its treatment

Quantitative Morphology of Dermal Elastic Fibers System of the Human Face during Aging

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