Chronic Renal Failure in the Dog and Cat*

Kroni̇k Böbrek Yetmezli̇ği̇ Beli̇rti̇leri̇ Gösteren Kedi̇ Ve Köpeklerde Kli̇ni̇k, Laboratuvar Ve Patoloji̇k Bulgular

“…Dolayısıyla hasta sahipleri tarafından, hastalık bulguları gözden kaçırılmakta ve son aşamaya kadar fark edilememektedir. Bu gözlemler çeşitli araştırıcıların gözlemleriyle (3,4,20) uyumludur.…”

“…Bu çalışmada da, kan üre düzeyleri çok yüksek ve genel durumları kötü olan hayvanlar seçildiğinden benzer bulgularla karşılaşılmış ve böbrek bulgularına ağız, mide mukozası, trakea' da erozyon ve ülserlerin eşlik ettiği gö-rülmüştür. Benzer bulgular çeşitli araştırıcılarca da (4,13,14,16,21) kaydedilmiştir. Bu lezyonlar artan kan üresinin epitelyal yüzeylerde amonyak'a dönüşümü sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır.…”

Acute Renal Failure in the Dog and Cat

“…Obtain a fresh urine sample, employing mid-stream collection or catheterisation and allow it to stand before exam-activity. Conditions such as fever, infection, tissue ination (English 1973). In most renal diseases, necrosis, inadequate renal perfusion, and urinary tubular epithelium degenerates and epithelial cells tract obstruction which may lead to futher kidney slough off into the urine; but they are likely to damage, or place an additional burden on an be found in greater numbers where there is heavy existing diminished renal function, must be p r e proteinuria or in the diuretic phase of ATN. Only vented or expeditiously treated.…”

“…Renal failure in animals may be termed acute when the course of the disease leading to it has been of short durationusually a matter of days (English 1973). The incidence of acute renal failure in the dog or cat is not well documented and it is certainly often overlooked (Lucke 1969) or only diagnosed terminally.…”

Clinical Assessment of Renal Function in the Dog With a Reduction in Nephron Number*

“…In chronic renal disease, the nephron population is gradually reduced until total renal functional capacity becomes inadequate to maintain excretory function, and thus the normal volume and composition of the body fluids. Among the diverse causes of chronic renal disease in the dog (English 1973), glomerulonephritis is now more frequently recognised (Wright et a1 1973; Casey and Splitter 1975; Rouse and Lewis 1975; Wright et a1 1976; Bown, 1977), although not yet as commonly as in man where some form of glomerular involvement occurs in 60-70% of cases (Levinsky and Couser 1978). Clearly, as renal function has an amazing capacity to compensate for reductions in nephron numbers (Platt 1952;Bricker et a1 1960;Bricker 1969), chronic renal disease will be advanced before frank clinical signs or biochemical changes, indicative of insufficiency, can be detected.…”