Chronic Poverty and the Environment: A Vulnerability Perspective

Scott, Lucy

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1753643

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The picture here (figures 5(a)-(c)) is similar to that of drylands: all regions except North America have experienced high levels of out-migration, with it being particularly pronounced in Asia (with highest levels in East Asia, followed by Southeast Asia and South Asia), reaching more than −30 m people in the 1990s. Broadly speaking, the results support the notion that migrants in most of the world are leaving areas that are often characterized by poor market access and economic stagnation-so-called 'poverty traps' (Scott 2006). North America's in-migration is a completely different dynamic that is largely attributable to amenity migration of mostly high income populations to the Rocky Mountain states of the US.…”

Section: Mountainssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Apart from amenity migration to some selected mountain zones of the developed world (Riebsame et al 1996, Shumway and Otterstrom 2001, Hidalgo et al 2009, Gonzalez et al 2009, most mountain regions have experienced out-migration owing to economic stagnation, lack of market penetration, poor infrastructure, and, in some cases, land degradation (André 1998, Xu et al 2008, Körner and Ohsawa 2005, Valdivia et al 2010. For these reasons, many mountain regions can be characterized as 'spatial poverty traps' (Scott 2006). The primary climate-related hazards experienced in mountain zones are flooding, precipitation triggered land slides and drought, and populations residing in these mountain areas are exposed to them to varying degrees.…”

Section: Mountainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Migration and risk: net migration in marginal ecosystems and hazardous areas

Sherbinin

Levy

Adamo

et al. 2012

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The potential for altered ecosystems and extreme weather events in the context of climate change has raised questions concerning the role that migration plays in either increasing or reducing risks to society. Using modeled data on net migration over three decades from 1970 to 2000, we identify sensitive ecosystems and regions at high risk of climate hazards that have seen high levels of net in-migration and out-migration over the time period. This paper provides a literature review on migration related to ecosystems, briefly describes the methodology used to develop the estimates of net migration, then uses those data to describe the patterns of net migration for various ecosystems and high risk regions. The study finds that negative net migration generally occurs over large areas, reflecting its largely rural character, whereas areas of positive net migration are typically smaller, reflecting its largely urban character. The countries with largest population such as China and India tend to drive global results for all the ecosystems found in those countries. Results suggest that from 1970 to 2000, migrants in developing countries have tended to move out of marginal dryland and mountain ecosystems and out of drought-prone areas, and have moved towards coastal ecosystems and areas that are prone to floods and cyclones. For North America results are reversed for dryland and mountain ecosystems, which saw large net influxes of population in the period of record. Uncertainties and potential sources of error in these estimates are addressed.

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Section: Mountainssupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Mountainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration and risk: net migration in marginal ecosystems and hazardous areas

Sherbinin

Levy

Adamo

et al. 2012

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…Isolated regions that are less connected to markets are more likely to suffer from malnutrition than more highly urbanized and accessible regions. Isolated regions have been described as "spatial poverty traps" in the literature, and they are marked by low market penetration and lack of health services (Hyman et al 2005, Scott 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the unmeasurable?

Sherbinin¹

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This thesis is approved by Prof.dr.ir, M.F.A.M. van Maarseveen, promoter Dr. R.V. Sliuzas, co-promoter In 2009 CIESIN, the center at The Earth Institute of Columbia University where I work, was contacted by Koko Warner of the United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) and Charles Ehrhardt of CARE to develop maps for a report entitled In Search of Shelter. I had the privilege of leading the team of GIS specialists and designers who produced the maps in this report. The report resulted in substantial media attention in part because of the maps CIESIN produced, which complemented field research from the Environmental Change and Forced Migration project (EACH-FOR) (see Chapter 5). This successful collaboration resulted in two more reports that included maps produced under my direction, Where the Rainfalls: Climate Change, Food and Livelihood Security, and Migration (2012) and Evidence from the Frontlines of Climate Change: Loss and Damage to Communities Despite Coping and Adaptation (2012). Since 2012 I have been involved with work under the USAID-funded African and Latin American Resilience to Climate Change (ARCC) project. Under ARCC I was able to lead vulnerability mapping projects for Mali and Coastal West Africa, to assist in the development of a spatial vulnerability assessment training program, and to develop a technical report entitled Spatial Climate Change Vulnerability Assessments: A Review of Data, Methods and Issues (2014). Through these projects I gained considerable first-hand experience in vulnerability mapping using the spatial index approach, and was able to review the growing literature in this field.

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“…Some, however, diverge from the stylized 'vicious circle' and these wealthier individuals have a larger environmental impact than the poorer [35]. The literature focused more on how poverty impacts the environment but neglected unsustainable environmental aspects in relation to poverty, especially in a natural environment, thus providing an incomplete view of the multiple dimensions of poverty and their underlying drivers [36,37].…”

Section: Of 17mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nexus between Poverty and the Environment: A Case Study of Lijiang, China

Gao

Liu

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Highlighting the nexus between poverty and environment is essential to promote poverty alleviation and sustainable development. This study analyzed spatial differences and environmental factors influencing poverty incidence and reduction using spatial statistical methods and GeoDetector tools. It focused on Lijiang in the Hengduan Mountains of western China as the case area. The results indicate a notable decline in poverty incidence in most Lijiang villages during 2014–2018 under China’s poverty alleviation strategy. However, there are distinct spatial differences for both poverty incidence and reduction. The main environmental factors affecting poverty incidence and reduction are available water storage and geological hazard risks. Socioeconomic factors such as administrative unit and distance to city center also play a key role. The anti-poverty policies in various administrative units have the most significant influence. However, existing policy formulation mainly considers elevation factor in mountainous areas. This study suggests that water resources and geological hazards should also be highly considered, and not only elevation. It is imperative to promote the construction of water conservancy facilities and improve the prevention and control of geological disasters. Moreover, targeted poverty alleviation should focus on, not only policy or socioeconomic factors, but also main environmental factors affecting poverty incidence and reduction.

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Chronic Poverty and the Environment: A Vulnerability Perspective

Cited by 25 publications

References 43 publications

Migration and risk: net migration in marginal ecosystems and hazardous areas

Migration and risk: net migration in marginal ecosystems and hazardous areas

Mapping the unmeasurable?

The Nexus between Poverty and the Environment: A Case Study of Lijiang, China

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